高温胁迫对不同热敏型玉米品种雌雄穗生理特性的影响  

Effect of High Temperature Stress on Physiological Characteristics of Tassel and Ear in Different Maize Varieties

作　　者：于康珂 孙宁宁[1] 詹静[1] 顾海靖 刘刚[1] 潘利文[1] 刘天学[1,2,3] 

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学农学院,郑州450002 [2]河南粮食作物协同创新中心,郑州450002 [3]省部共建小麦玉米作物学国家重点实验室,郑州450002

出　　处：《玉米科学》2017年第4期84-91,共8页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目(201203029);"十二五"国家粮食丰产科技工程项目(2013BAD07B07)

摘　　要：以郑单958(ZD958)和先玉335(XY335)为材料,模拟增温处理,探索玉米穗发育对高温逆境生理响应机制。结果表明,高温胁迫下,玉米雄穗、雌穗抗氧化生理在品种及处理间均有较大差异,雄穗细胞中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性呈升-降-升的变化,ZD958雄穗上部小穗SOD活性低于下部小穗,XY335雄穗上部小穗SOD活性高于下部小穗。过氧化物酶(POD)活性在高温处理初期下降,而后持续升高;过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性在高温胁迫初期增加,而后下降甚至低于对照;丙二醛(MAD)含量均呈增加趋势。ZD958雄穗中可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量较高,XY335雄穗中可溶性蛋白含量较高。XY335雌穗SOD、POD和CAT酶活性降低或显著降低,MDA含量较高;ZD958雌穗SOD、POD和CAT酶活性升高或显著升高,MDA含量较低。随高温胁迫持续,ZD958和XY335雌穗中可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和脯氨酸含量均呈增加趋势,ZD958雌穗具有较高的可溶性糖含量、较高的花丝水势和p H值。A field experiment of artificial wanning was conducted with two maize varieties ZD958 and XY335. The results showed that there were significant effects of high temperature treatments during the reproduction organs developmental stage on antioxidant enzyme activities of summer maize. Under the high temperature, the antioxidant system activities of maize reproductive organs were differences among maize varieties and treatments. SOD activity in tassel of maize showed a change of increasing-decreasing- increasing. The SOD activity was lower in top spikelet than in basal spikelet of ZD958 tassel, while the SOD activity was higher in top spikelet than in basal spikelet of XY335 tassel. POD activity decreased in early, then increasing. CAT activity increasd in early, then decreasing and even lower than control. MDA contents had a increasing trend in two maize activities tassel, but the MDA content and its increasing extent were lower in ZD958 tassel than in XY335 tassel. Compared with heat sensitive variety XY335, higher contents of soluble sugar and proline were found in tassel of heat tolerant variety ZD958. The antioxidant enzyme activities of SOD, POD and CAT were decreased or decreased significantly and had a higher MDA content in ear of heat sensitive variety XY335, but the antioxidant enzyme activities were increased or increased significantly and had lower MDA content in ear of heat tolerant variety ZD958. As high temperature stress, the contents of soluble sugar, soluble protein and proline all increased in ear of ZD958 and XY335. ZD958 had a higher sugar content, a lower contents of soluble protein and proline, in ear, and a higher water potential and pH value in ear silk.

关 键 词：玉米 高温胁迫 雌雄穗 抗氧化系统 

分 类 号：S513.01[农业科学—作物学]