控释氮肥对东北春玉米产量及土壤-作物体系内氮素平衡的影响  

Effect of Controlled-release Nitrogen Fertilizer on Spring Maize Yield and Nitrogen Balance in the System of Soil-crop in the Northeast of China

作　　者：郑雨[1] 李玉影[2] 韩晓日[1] 姬景红[2] 刘双全[2] 佟玉欣[2] 李杰[2] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院,沈阳110161 [2]黑龙江省农业科学院土壤肥料与环境资源研究所,哈尔滨150086

出　　处：《玉米科学》2017年第4期117-122,128,共7页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：玉米土壤养分活化技术研究与示范(2015BAD23B05-06);国际植物营养研究所(IPNIP)项目;公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目(201303125-06)

摘　　要：采用定位试验开展控释氮肥对春玉米产量及氮素在土壤-作物体系内平衡研究。结果表明,100%控释氮肥基施与100%普通速效氮肥基施比较,平均增产5.1%,玉米地上部氮素吸收总量平均增加6.6%,氮肥表观利用率平均提高2.4个百分点,氮肥农学效率平均提高2.0 kg/kg,土壤-作物体系内氮素盈余-10.2 kg/hm^2。60%控释氮肥与40%速效氮肥混合一次性施用与普通速效氮肥40%基施+60%追施比较,平均增产7.3%,玉米地上部氮素吸收总量平均增加8.8%,氮肥表观利用率平均提高6.8个百分点,氮肥农学效率平均提高3.0 kg/kg,土壤-作物体系内氮素盈余-17.7 kg/hm^2。75%控释氮肥基施与75%速效氮肥基施比较,平均增产7.5%,玉米地上部氮素吸收总量平均增加6.7%,氮肥表观利用率平均提高7.0个百分点,氮肥农学效率平均提高3.8 kg/kg,土壤-作物体系内氮素盈余-14.9 kg/hm^2。A study of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer on spring maize yield and the balance of N in the soil-crop system was carried out by the method of site-fixing experiment. The result showed that Compared the treatment of 100% controlled-release urea as basal application（CRU 100% B） with 100% bare urea as basal applica- tion（CRU100% B）, the maize yield increased by 5.1%; N uptake by the plants of aboveground was increased 6.6%; the apparent N use efficiency increased by 2.4%, on average; the agronomy efficiency of N increased 2.0 kg/kg; N surplus in the system of soil-crop was decreased 10.2 kg/ha. Compared the treatment of （40%BU＋60%CRU） B with BU40%B＋60%T, the maize yield increased by 7.3%; N uptake by the plants of aboveground was increased 8.8%, apparent N use efficiency increased 6.8%, on average; the agronomy efficiency of N increased 3.0 kg/kg, on average; N surplus in the system of soil-crop was decreased 17.7 kg/ha. Compared the treatment of CRU75%B with BU75% B, the maize yield increased by 7.5%; N uptake by the plants of aboveground was increased 6.7%; apparent N use efficiency increased 7.0%, on average; the agronomy efficiency of N increased 3.8 kg/kg, on average; N surplus in the system of soil-crop was decreased 14.9 kg/ha, on average.

关 键 词：春玉米 黑土 控释氮肥 产量 氮素平衡 

分 类 号：S513.062[农业科学—作物学]