基于运动生物力学的上肢负荷强度评价方法  

Evaluation of upper limb load intensity based on biomechanical methods

作　　者：李昊[1] 李凡[1] 严曲[1] 王政[1] 王春慧[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国航天员科研训练中心人因工程国防科技重点实验室,北京100094

出　　处：《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》2017年第6期422-425,共4页Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases

基　　金：基金项目：国家自然基金项目（31400843）;国家重点基础研究发展计划（973）项目（2011CB711005）

摘　　要：目的 建立一种基于运动生物力学的作业人员上肢负荷强度评估模型并验证其有效性.方法 于2015年3月,选取15名受试者完成3种外力载荷的上提操作测试,采集作业人员操作姿态、操作力与主观负荷强度评价数据.建立上提操作生物力学模型,以操作姿态与操作力为输入,仿真输出肩、肘、腕的关节力矩,并根据各关节最大关节力矩对仿真结果进行归一化,得到相对关节力矩.通过层次分析法,建立以肩、肘、腕相对关节力矩为指标的上肢负荷强度评估模型.将该模型评估结果与试验采集的作业人员主观负荷强度评价数据进行对比,验证模型的有效性.结果 肩关节在上肢负荷影响因素中占有较大权重（0.56）,肘关节和腕关节的权重较小（0.27和0.17）;Pearson相关分析显示,模型输出的上肢负荷强度与试验采集的作业人员主观负荷强度呈正相关（r=0.863,P〈0.05）,且两者差异无统计学意义（t=0.105,P〉0.05）.结论 基于运动生物力学的上肢负荷强度评估模型可以用于预测和评估作业人员上肢负荷状况.Objective To establish a model for evaluating the upper limb load intensity of workers based on biomechanical methods, and to verify its effectiveness. Methods 15 male volunteers participated in lifting test of 3 kinds of external force load in March 2015. Volunteers＆#39;＆#39; operating postures, forces, and subjective load intensities were collected. The biomechanical models of lifting operation were established with the input of operating postures and forces, and to output joint torque of shoulder, elbow and wrist. The simulation results were normalized by the maximum torque of each joint, and the relative joint torque was obtained. Then the upper limb load intensity evaluation model, which related with relative joint torque of shoulder, elbow and wrist, was established based on analytic hierarchy process. In order to validate the validity of the model , the assessment results of the model and the subjective load intensities of the volunteers were contrasted. Results The weight of shoulder joint（0.56） was larger than the weights of elbow and wrist （0.27 and 0.17） in the influence factors of the upper limb load. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the upper limb load intensities of the model were significantly correlated with the subjective load intensities of volunteers （r=0.863, P〈0.05）. There was no significant difference between the two groups （t=0.105,P〉0.05）. Conclusion The evaluation model of the upper limb load intensity based on biomechanical methods could be used for predicting and evaluating the upper limb load intensities of workers.

关 键 词：臂 生物力学 负荷强度 层次分析法 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]