The Grad-Shafranov reconstruction in twenty years: 1996–2016  

作　　者：HU Qiang 

机构地区：[1]Department of Space Science and CSPAR, University of Alabama in Huntsville

出　　处：《Science China Earth Sciences》2017年第8期1466-1494,共29页中国科学（地球科学英文版）

基　　金：supported by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and National Science Foundation (NSF) (Grants Nos. AGS-1062050, NNG04GF47G, NNG06GD41G, NNX12AF97G, NNX12AH50G, NNH13ZDA001N, and NNX14AF41G)

摘　　要：We review and summarize the applications of the Grad-Shafranov(GS) reconstruction technique to space plasma structures in the Earth's magnetosphere and in the interplanetary space. We organize our presentations following the branches of the "academic family tree" rooted on Prof. Bengt U. ? Sonnerup, the inventor of the GS method. Special attentions are paid to validations of the GS reconstruction results via(1) the direct validation by co-spatial in-situ measurements among multiple spacecraft, and(2) indirect validation by implications and interpretations of the physical connection between the structures reconstructed and other related processes. For the latter, the inter-comparison and interconnection between the large-scale magnetic flux ropes(i.e., Magnetic Clouds) in the solar wind and their solar source properties are presented. In addition, we also summarize various GS-type(or-like) reconstruction and an extension of the GS technique to toroidal geometry. In particular,we point to a possible advancement with added complexity of "helical symmetry" and mixed helicity, in the hope of stimulating interest in future development. We close by offering some thoughts on appreciating the scientific merit of GS reconstruction in general.We review and summarize the applications of the Grad-Shafranov（GS） reconstruction technique to space plasma structures in the Earth＇s magnetosphere and in the interplanetary space. We organize our presentations following the branches of the ＂academic family tree＂ rooted on Prof. Bengt U. ？ Sonnerup, the inventor of the GS method. Special attentions are paid to validations of the GS reconstruction results via（1） the direct validation by co-spatial in-situ measurements among multiple spacecraft, and（2） indirect validation by implications and interpretations of the physical connection between the structures reconstructed and other related processes. For the latter, the inter-comparison and interconnection between the large-scale magnetic flux ropes（i.e., Magnetic Clouds） in the solar wind and their solar source properties are presented. In addition, we also summarize various GS-type（or-like） reconstruction and an extension of the GS technique to toroidal geometry. In particular,we point to a possible advancement with added complexity of ＂helical symmetry＂ and mixed helicity, in the hope of stimulating interest in future development. We close by offering some thoughts on appreciating the scientific merit of GS reconstruction in general.

关 键 词：Grad-Shafranov equation Magnetohydrodynamics Magnetic clouds Magnetic flux ropes Magnetopause Current sheets Flux transfer events Plasmoids Solar flare Coronal mass ejections 

分 类 号：P353[天文地球—空间物理学]