豆科绿肥对渭北旱塬土壤养分及生态化学计量学特征影响  

Effects of Leguminous Green Manure on Soil Nutrients and Their Ecological Stoichiometry Characteristics in Weibei Rainfed Highland

作　　者：杜威[1] 王紫泉[1] 和文祥[1,2] 高亚军[1,2] 曹卫东[3] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]农业部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [3]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《土壤学报》2017年第4期999-1008,共10页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201103005;200803029);西北农林科技大学"基本科研业务费科研创新重点项目"(ZD2013012)资助~~

摘　　要：渭北旱塬是我国重要的农业生态区,但土壤贫瘠、水土流失严重,亟需培肥土壤、改善生态环境。为探究渭北旱塬地区夏闲期种植并翻压豆科绿肥后土壤养分及其生态化学计量学特征的变化规律,采用田间定位试验,分别设置了3种豆科绿肥(绿豆、大豆和长武怀豆)和4个施氮水平,连续6年种植并翻压绿肥后,分析了土壤中养分含量,采用生态化学计量学方法计算了不同条件下的生态化学计量比值。结果表明:与对照(休闲)处理相比,长期种植并翻压豆科绿肥能显著提高土壤有机碳、全氮和碱解氮等养分指标含量,3种养分分别提高了4.47%~15.35%、5.21%~6.25%和11.00%~14.35%,且均以怀豆处理提升效果最佳。翻压绿肥短期内(2周后),土壤全氮含量的提升幅度大于有机碳和碱解氮。怀豆处理的有机碳、全氮、碱解氮、全磷和有效磷含量在短期和长期内均显著升高,培肥效果最为明显。翻压绿肥后,短期内土壤C∶N降低,但从长期效应来看,翻压绿肥提高了土壤C∶N,有利于土壤有机质的积累,能有效改善土壤养分平衡状态。土壤C∶P和N∶P与土壤C、N含量变化关系较为密切。夏闲期长期种植并翻压绿肥明显改善了土壤碳、氮养分状况,是渭北旱塬地区土壤培肥的有效措施。[Objective] As an important agro-ecological region, the Weibei rainfed highland needs urgently measures to build up its soil fertility and improve its eco-environment because of its infertile soil and severe soil erosion. High in stress tolerance, leguminous green manure crops grow normally in severe ecological environment. Cultivation and incorporation of such crops may help reduce soil erosion as well as improving soil structure and soil fertility. [Method] In order to explore ru｜es of changes in farmland soil nutrients and ecological stoichiometry characteristics as affected by cultivation and incorporation of green manure crops in summer fallow seasons, a field experiment was designed to have three different species of leguminous green manure crops [ Mung bean （Phaseolus radiatus L. ） , soybean （ Glycine max （ L. ） Merr. ） and Huai bean （ Glycine ussuriensis Regel et Maack ） ] , four nitrogen fertilization rates （ No, 0 kg N hm^-2; Nt, 108 kg N hm^-2; N2, 135 kg N hm^-2 and N3, 162 kg N hm^-2） and three replicates for each treatment, laid out in a split plot design in a tract of farmland in the Weibei Rainfed Highland, and conducted for six years in a row. Soil samples were collected at the end of the experiment from each treatment for analysis of nutrient contents and eco-stoichiometric ratios of C ： N, C ： P and N ： P. [Result] Results show that the long-term cultivation and incorporation of leguminous green manure crops improved soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, alkaline nitrogen contents significantly or by 4.47%- 15.35%, 5.21% -6.25% and 11.00% - 14.35%, respectively, as compared to CK （the fallow treatment） , and the effects of Huai bean were the most obvious in all the treatments. Two weeks after the incorporation of green manure crops, soil total nitrogen, soil organic matter and alkaline nitrogen all increased in content, but the margin of the increase of the former was higher than that of the latter two. In the treatments with Huai bean, organic carbon, total nitro

关 键 词：渭北旱塬 绿肥 C∶N C∶P N∶P 

分 类 号：S154.1[农业科学—土壤学]