301例抗菌药物致药品不良反应/事件报告  

Reports on 301 Cases of Adverse Drug Reactions Induced by Antibiotics

作　　者：姚楠泓 许伟帅[1] 余小红 彭怀东[3] 钟询龙[3] 

机构地区：[1]广东省中医院药剂科,广东广州510105 [2]佛山市南海区第三人民医院药剂科,广东佛山528244 [3]广州医科大学附属第二医院药学部,广东广州510260

出　　处：《中国医院用药评价与分析》2017年第7期975-978,共4页Evaluation and Analysis of Drug-use in Hospitals of China

基　　金：广东省医院药学研究基金(No.2016A30)

摘　　要：目的:探讨抗菌药物致药品不良反应(adverse drug reaction,ADR)/药品不良事件(adverse drug event,ADE)发生的一般特点及规律,为促进临床合理用药提供参考。方法:收集2006年1月1日—2014年4月30日上报至国家ADR监测中心的301例抗菌药物致ADR/ADE报告,根据患者的年龄、性别、原患疾病,给药途径、联合用药、ADR/ADE发生时间、涉及抗菌药物种类、累及器官和(或)系统及主要临床表现、严重的ADR/ADE涉及药品等进行回顾性分析。结果:301例抗菌药物致ADR/ADE报告中,女性患者略多于男性;>60岁患者数最多(122例,占40.53%);呼吸系统疾病患者数最多(139例,占46.18%);静脉滴注仍是引发ADR/ADE的主要给药方式;联合用药引发的ADR/ADE较多。头孢菌素类抗菌药物引发的ADR/ADE例次数排序居首位,其次为氟喹诺酮类和青霉素类抗菌药物;引发ADR/ADE例次数排序居前3位的药品分别为头孢哌酮他唑巴坦、左氧氟沙星、环丙沙星。ADR/ADE以皮肤及其附件损害最为常见,其次为全身性损害、消化系统损害等。301例ADR/ADE报告中,严重的ADR/ADE共24例(占7.97%),头孢菌素类抗菌药物引发严重的ADR/ADE最多。结论:ADR/ADE的发生与诸多因素有关,临床应强医、药、患合作,同时积极发挥临床药师的作用,促进合理用药。OBJECTIVE： To probe into relevant factors and regularities of adverse drug reactions（ ADR）/adverse drug events（ ADE） induced by general characteristics,so as to provide references for promoting clinical rational drug application. METHODS： 301 cases of ADR/ADE reports in National Center for ADR Monitoring from Jan. 1st 2006 to Apr. 30 th 2014 were collected and retrospectively analyzed in terms of patients＇ ages,genders,diseases,routes of administration,drug combinations,occurrence time,species of antibiotics,organs and（ or） systems involved and their clinical features,severe ADR/ADE involved drugs,etc. RESULTS： Of 301 reports on ADR/ADE induced by antibiotics,the number of female was slightly more than male; mostly aged over 60 years（ 122 cases,accounted for40. 53%）; mostly respiratory disease（ 139 cases,accounted for 46. 18%）; intravenous drip was the main route of administration inducing ADR/ADE; most ADR/ADE were induced by drug combination. Cephalosporins was the No.1 antibiotics inducing ADR/ADE,secondly were fluoroquinolones and penicillin; the top 3 drugs were respectively cefoperazone tazobactam,levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin. The main organs and（ or） systems involved by ADR was skin and its accessories,secondly were systemic damage and digestive system damage. Of 301 reports of ADR/ADE,24 cases（ accounted for 7. 97%） were severe ADR/ADE,mostly were induced by cephalosporins. CONCLUSIONS：The occurrence of ADR/ADE is related to many factors,doctor-medicine-patients cooperation should be reinforced to develop the function of clinical pharmacist,so as to promote rational drug application.

关 键 词：抗菌药物 药品不良反应/事件 回顾性分析 合理用药 

分 类 号：R969.3[医药卫生—药理学]