南疆绿洲-荒漠过渡带“肥岛”的养分特征分析  

Analysis on Nutrient Characteristics of ‘Fertile Island'on Shrubs at Oasis-desert Ecotone in South of Xinjiang

作　　者：查向浩 林宁 王晶 张文河 李有文 ZHA Xiang-hao LIN Ning WANG Jing ZHANG Wen-he LI You-wen(College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Kashgar University, Xinjiang Kashgar 844000, China Xinjiang Biomass Solid Waste Reclamation Technology and Engineering Center, Xinjiang Kashgar 844000, China)

机构地区：[1]喀什大学化学与环境科学学院,新疆喀什844000 [2]新疆生物类固废资源化工程技术研究中心,新疆喀什844000

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2017年第7期1625-1628,共4页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区高校科研计划青年教师科研启动基金(XJEDU2013S37)

摘　　要：【目的】为了分析和检验塔克拉玛干沙漠边缘绿洲-荒漠中灌木"肥岛"效应对荒漠土壤肥力的作用强度。【方法】采用野外取样和室内实验分析相结合的方法,测定了胡杨(Populos euphraticu)灌丛林及周边过渡带中不同深度土壤养分含量;通过计算富集率和构建土壤肥力指数模型评价南疆绿洲-荒漠过渡带的土壤肥力水平。【结果】过渡带和灌丛下的土壤p H均呈碱性,且随土壤深度增加碱性增强;土壤中全N、全P、全K和速效N、速效P、速效K含量都随着土壤深度的增加而降低。富集率表明,在胡杨灌丛,土壤OM、全N、全P、全K、和速效养分含量都表现为EB>1,且EB在垂直剖面上呈现先增大后减小的趋势,在20~40cm深度土壤聚集效果最为显著,其中有机质、全K、速效N、速效K富集率相对较大。SFI模型标明,绿洲-荒漠过渡带灌丛下的土壤肥力状况明显高于灌丛间过渡带。【结论】胡杨灌丛下存在典型的灌丛"肥岛"现象,灌木的长期生长能够增强土壤空间异质性的作用,改善灌丛下土壤养分结构和肥力水平,使土壤沙化程度得以缓解。[ Objective ]IThe study aims to analyze and test the effect of shrub ＇ fat island＇ on desert soil fertility in the oasis desert in the edge of Taklimakan Desert. [ Method ] The method combining field sampling and laboratory analysis was adopted, The soil nutrient contents in dif- ferent depths of Populus euphratica shrub forest and its transition zone were measured, The soil fertility level of oasis-desert ecotone in South Xinjiang was evaluated by calculating enrichment rate and constructing soil fertility index model. [ Result ] The soil pH in the ecotone and shrub were alkaline, which increased with soil depth; The contents of total N, total P, total K and available N, available P, available K in soil decreased with the increase of soil depth. The enrichment rate showed that the contents of 0M, total N, total P, total K and available nutrient in soil were EB 〉 1 in Populus euphratica shrub, and EB increased first and then decreased in vertical section, At 20 -40 cm depth, soil accumulation was most significant, in which organic matter, total K, available N and available K enrichment were relatively large. The SFI model shows that the soil fertility under shrub was obviously higher than that in the oasis-desert ecotone. [ Conclusion] There was a typical shrub ＇ fertile island＇ phenomenon under the Populus euphratica shrub, long-term growth of shrubs can enhance the spatial heterogeneity of soil, and improve the nutrient structure and fertility level of soil under the shrubs, The soil desertification can be alleviated.

关 键 词：绿洲荒漠过渡带 胡杨 养分 主成分分析 土壤肥力 

分 类 号：S156.5[农业科学—土壤学]