农业剩余转移与中国城乡收入差距——基于统购统销政策的理论与实证研究  

Agriculture Surplus Transfer and Urban? rural Income Gap in China:Theoretical and Empirical Study on the State Monopoly on Grain Procurement and Sale

作　　者：刘愿[1] 李娜[2] 刘志铭[1] 

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学华南市场经济研究中心,广东广州510006 [2]华南师范大学经济与管理学院,广东广州510006

出　　处：《财经研究》2017年第8期109-121,共13页Journal of Finance and Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(12CJL010);广东省哲学社会科学"十二五"规划项目(GD15XYJ25)

摘　　要：统购统销政策是我国历史上的一项重要制度安排,对我国的城乡差距产生了深远影响。文章借鉴Knight(1995)的两部门价格剪刀差模型,分析了统购统销政策对我国城乡收入差距的影响,并利用1953-1989年的省级面板数据进行实证检验。研究表明,无论是以粮食收购率和粮食的跨省调拨还是以粮食超购率来度量,统购统销政策都扩大了城乡收入差距;其中,计划经济时期的效应最大,而改革开放后的效应整体上呈现逐渐减弱的趋势,且改革开放初期的影响不显著。机制分析发现,统购统销政策通过提高城市居民消费,降低农村人口消费,从而扩大了城乡收入差距。因此,统购统销政策的本质是政府汲取农业剩余以补贴城市和工业部门发展,是我国计划经济时期城乡收入差距扩大的重要原因。The state monopoly on grain procurement and sale is an important institution arrangement in Chinese history and has profound effect on urban-rural income gap.Based on the two-sector model of price scissors constructed by Knight in 1995,this paper analyzes the effect of the state monopoly on grain procurement and sale on urban-rural income gap in China and makes an empirical test by using the provincial panel data from 1953 to 1989.It finds that,whether grain purchase rate and inter-provincial grain allocation or grain overbought rate are used to measure state monopoly on grain procurement and sale,state monopoly on grain procurement and sale enlarges the urban-rural income gap;the effect is the most significant in the planning period before 1978,gradually weakens as a whole after the reform of 1978,and becomes insignificant at the early stage of the reform from 1979 to 1984.The mechanism analysis shows that state monopoly on grain procurement and sale raises the consumption of urban residents and then reduces the consumption of rural residents,thereby enlarging the urban-rural income gap.Therefore,the essence of state monopoly on grain procurement and sale lies in that governments subsidy the development of urban areas and industry sectors through the absorption of agricultural surplus,which is the important reason for the enlarging urban-rural income gap in China in the planning period.

关 键 词：统购统销政策 价格剪刀差 城乡收入差距 

分 类 号：F120.4[经济管理—世界经济] F129