推链与养蒿苗语送气清擦音的产生  

Push Chain Shift and the Emergence of Aspirated Fricatives in Yanghao Hmu

作　　者：石德富[1] 刘文[2] 杨正辉[1] Shi Defu Liu Wen Yang Zhenghui(Department of Minority Languages and Literatures, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China 466001 Department of Chinese Language and Literature, Peking University, Beijing, China 100871)

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学少数民族语言文学系,北京100081 [2]北京大学中文系,北京100871

出　　处：《语言科学》2017年第4期428-437,共10页Linguistic Sciences

摘　　要：养蒿苗语有一套送气清擦音s^h,~h,f^h,x^h和l^h。文章通过苗语同源词的词形比较和对中古汉语借词词形考察,发现这套送气清擦音是由同部位的不送气清擦音s、、x和l演变而来。这是一种非常规的、从无标记音向有标记音的逆向演变,其产生的动因是系统内部的推链作用促成的,是发音的经济原则和音系保持最小对立原则共同作用的结果、Yanghao Hmu has a set of aspirated voiceless fricatives [ sh ], [ ch ], [ fh ], [ xh ] and [ lh ]. by comparing the forms of cognate words between different Miao dialects and surveying the forms of Middle Chinese loanwords, this paper finds that they evolve respectively from the unaspirated fricatives [ s ], [ c ], [f], [x] and [l]. This is a rare converse evolution from the unmarked phonemes into the marked ones, which is motivated by the push chain shift of onsets occurring in the historical course of Hmu phonology. It is also the result of the reaction between the pronunciation economic principle and the principle of maintaining the minimal pair in the Hmu phonology.

关 键 词：黔东苗语 送气擦音 动因 推链效应 

分 类 号：H216[语言文字—少数民族语言]