整体与个别:梁漱溟对文化的思辨  

Totality vs. Particularity: Liang Shuming's Thinking over Culture

作　　者：罗志田[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川大学历史文化学院,成都610064

出　　处：《南京大学学报（哲学．人文科学．社会科学）》2017年第4期88-99,共12页Journal of Nanjing University(Philosophy,Humanities and Social Sciences)

摘　　要：文化可否分割与借鉴,是中国近代史上一个众皆关注而又充满困惑的问题。五四后梁漱溟一面主张民族文化的特色决定其整体,一面又把文化整体观从民族提升到人类,但未曾言明世界文化究竟是单一整体还是众多文化的合体。他的主张当时就引起争议,反对者有两个倾向,一从人类文化观照民族文化,一侧重民族文化内部的复杂性。实则学理的探讨是一回事,若从实践看,要采纳异文化就不能不分而汲取,且任何西化都只能是某种涵化。抗战后梁漱溟参酌各说,又提出一种可以涵容歧异的文化整体观。It was a question of great concern in the Chinese modern history whether culture was to be segmented or taken for reference.After the May Fourth Movement,Liang Shuming,on the one hand,asserted that the totality of national culture was determined by its particularities.And on the other hand,he raised the totality of culture from its national level up to that of human race.He,nevertheless,failed to make clear whether the world culture was a total unity or a combination of many cultures.His claims were controversial at the time,with oppositions from two angles:to observe national culture from human culture,or to focus on the complexity within national culture.Theoretic analysis was one thing while practice was another:to take reference of other cultures entailed analytical segmentation and any cultural westernization could only be acculturation of some sort.After the War of Resistance against Japan,Liang Shuming put forward a concept of culture as a totality borne with particular differences.

关 键 词：梁漱溟 胡适 整体文化 个别文化 文化分割 西化 

分 类 号：G02[文化科学]