大学扩招是否真正推动了高等教育公平——高等教育大众化、扩招与高等教育代际传递  

Can Enrollment Expansion Promote Equality? Higher Education:Popularization, Expansion and Transmission

作　　者：魏晓艳[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海工程技术大学高等教育研究所,上海201620

出　　处：《教育发展研究》2017年第11期26-35,共10页Research in Educational Development

基　　金：2014年度教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目"大学教师发展的理念;内涵;方式与动力"(14JJD880003);国家自然科学基金面上项目"交通设施的空间网络特征及其异质性产业集聚效应研究"(71573218);国家自然科学基金"中国式政府间环境事权划分研究"(71673229)的部分成果

摘　　要：自1999年起,作为实现高等教育大众化的主要策略,我国开始实施大学扩招政策。扩招政策实施之初,就一度存在"效率优先"抑或"公平优先"的争论。时至今日,我国高等教育资源满足大众高等教育需求的机会增多了,但是否意味着接受高等教育的机会在经济水平、城乡、性别等之间更加平等仍然是一个不确定的问题。本文使用CFPS数据,选用DID与DDD回归模型,通过实证分析考察高等教育大众化及其扩招政策对促进高等教育代际流动、推动高等教育公平的实际效用。同时,为了进一步观察高等教育大众化进程及其扩招政策影响高等教育代际传递的异质性作用和结构性效应,本文引入收入水平、城乡身份和性别等变量并补充观察了扩招政策对低教育水平代际传递的实证效应。研究发现,以高等教育代际传递为重要机制,高等教育大众化进程扩大了高等教育机会获得的不公平,扩招政策的实施也最终呈现出"效率优先,兼顾公平"的总体特征。Since 1999, for the main strategy to realize the popularization of higher education, China began to implement enrollment expansion of higher education, and the debate of efficiency and fair was born. Today, the enlarging enrollment fulfills the growing demands of the people for education, but, it is still doubtful whether our higher education is more equal in genders, income levels and rural-urban identities. By using CFPS database, OLS regression analysis and DID and DDD model, this paper aims at making both theoretical and empirical investigation on the mechanism of higher education popularization and its expansion policy affect the intergenerational transmission and equality of higher education. Meanwhile, to observe the heterogeneity and structural effects, the variable of economic conditions, rural-urban identities, gender and a supplementary observation are introduced. The results show that, based on the mechanism of higher education intergenerational transmission, popularization of higher education is widening the inequity of higher education, and lastly, the enrollment expansion policy presents the characteristic of efficiency first with fairness too.

关 键 词：高等教育大众化 扩招政策 高等教育代际传递 

分 类 号：G649.2[文化科学—高等教育学]