无毒环保型高性能水基钻井液室内研究  

Laboratory Study of an Environmentally Friendly Non-toxic High Performance Water Base Drilling Fluid

作　　者：姚如钢 

机构地区：[1]中国石油集团长城钻探工程有限公司钻井液公司,北京100101

出　　处：《钻井液与完井液》2017年第3期16-20,共5页Drilling Fluid & Completion Fluid

基　　金：中国石油集团长城钻探工程有限公司博士后基金项目"威远龙马溪地层水基钻井液高效封堵剂开发及体系研究"(2015B01)

摘　　要：由于油基钻井液存在使用成本高、环保处理难度大等弊端,使用水基钻井液替代油基钻井液已成为大势所趋。针对页岩地层对钻井液性能的要求,以无氯、无重金属离子、无黑色材料等环保指标为基本原则,优选了胺基聚醇和乳液大分子作为环保型高性能水基钻井液的包被抑制主剂,配合甲酸钾进一步提高体系的抑制性,并通过高效封堵剂提高体系对页岩地层纳微米孔缝的封堵能力,构建了无毒环保型高性能水基钻井液体系。性能评价结果表明,该钻井液在密度为1.22~2.18 g/cm3范围内均具有优良的流变性及滤失造壁性能,该体系静置24 h后上下密度差为0.03~0.06 g/cm3,沉降指数低于0.508,悬浮稳定性好,触变性高,钻井液样品API泥饼黏滞系数最低达到0.026 2,润滑性能好,并兼具较强的抑制性和抗岩屑污染性能,5.0%及8.0%英国评价土或古巴VDW**井岩屑污染前后的塑性黏度、动切力、静切力的变化率均控制在25%左右,能够满足不同压力系统页岩地层钻井的需要。Oil base drilling fuids, because of its high operation cost and pollution to the environment, are more and more replaced by water base drilling fuids. Based on the requirements for the performance of drilling fuids imposed by shale drilling, drilling fuid additives have been optimized to formulate an environmentally friendly non-toxic high performance water base drilling fuid. In selecting the additives, the environmental rules of “chloride-free, heavy metal ion-free and no black material” were followed. Amine based polyalcohol and polymers synthesized through emulsion polymerization were selected as the main shale encapsulators, whose inhibitive capacity was enhanced with potassium formate. A highly effective plugging agent was selected to improve the ability of the drilling fuid to plug the nanometer and millimeter micro-fractures. Laboratory evaluation indicated that in a density range of 1.22-2.18 g/cm3, the drilling fuid had excellent rheology and fltration property. After standing for 24 hours, the density difference between the top and the bottom of the mud sample was 0.03-0.06 g/cm3, and the settling index was less than 0.508, indicating good suspending stability and high thixotropy. The friction coeffcient of the mud cakes formed by the sample drilling fuid on an API flter press was as low as 0.0262, meaning that the drilling fuid had very good lubricity. Laboratory experiments also showed that this drilling fuid had strong inhibitive capacity and tolerance to drilled cutting contamination. After contamination with 5.0% and 8.0% British evaluation clay or drilled cuttings from the well VDW＊＊ （Cuba）, changes in PV, YP and gel strengths of the drilling fuid were controlled within about 25%. The evaluation results also proved that this drilling fuid satisfed the needs for drilling shales of varied formation pressures.

关 键 词：无毒 环境保护 高性能 抑制性 页岩地层 

分 类 号：TE254.3[石油与天然气工程—油气井工程]