几种海洋抗污损化合物的单一与联合毒性效应评价  

Evaluation for joint toxic effects of some marine antifouling compounds

作　　者：靳翠丽[1,2] 许明景 胡波 朱鸿辰 张立奎[1,2] 周晓见[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]扬州大学环境科学与工程学院,江苏扬州225127 [2]扬州大学海洋科学与技术研究所,江苏扬州225127

出　　处：《应用海洋学学报》2017年第3期372-378,共7页Journal of Applied Oceanography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(41306131;41271521);教育部科学技术研究重点资助项目(211065);江苏省自然科学基金资助项目(BK20130440);江苏省教育厅高校自然科学基金资助项目(13KJB180029);扬州大学大学生科技创新资助项目

摘　　要：本文研究了目前广泛应用的防污涂料毒性添加剂3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea(Diuron)、2-methylthio-4-t-butylamino-6-cyclopropylamino-s-triazine(Irgarol 1051)、triphenylborane pyridine(TPBP)、Zinc pyrithione(Zn-Pt)、Zinc bis(dimethyl thiocarbamate,Ziram)、Cu^(2+)的单一毒性和二元混合毒性.结果表明:对卤虫而言,6种化合物单一毒性按强弱排序为TPBP>Diuron>Ziram>CuSO_4>Irgarol 1051>Zn-Pt,它们对卤虫48 h的LC50分别为CuSO_49.1μg/cm^3、Diuron 8.0μg/cm^3、Irgarol 1051 12.0μg/cm^3、TPBP 0.07μg/cm^3、Zn-Pt 30.9μg/cm^3、Ziram 8.2μg/cm^3.对卤虫的二元联合毒性实验采用混合毒性指数法(MTI)评价,结果显示:共有8个组合具有协同效应,包括Irgarol 1051/Diuron、Irgarol 1051/TPBP、Irgarol 1051/Ziram、Irgarol 1051/Zn-Pt、Irgarol 1051/CuSO4、Diuron/TPBP、Ziram/CuSO_4以及Zn-Pt/CuSO_4.其中Irgarol 1051/Ziram组合的MTI值高达2.740,Zn-Pt/CuSO_4组合更高达5.621.发现8个协同效应组合中有5个和Irgarol 1051有关,表明Irgarol 1051在基于毒性的防污涂料配方中有其良好的适应性,但进入海洋环境的Irgarol 1051具有引起较强生物毒性的环境风险.另有5个组合Diuron/Zn-Pt、Diuron/CuSO_4、TPBP/Ziram、TPBP/ZnPt、Ziram/Zn-Pt表现为一定程度拮抗作用,应在防污涂料配制中尽量避免同时使用.In this study,the single and joint toxicities of 6 wide used and represented antifouling compounds,including 3-（ 3,4-dichlorophenyl）-1,1-dimethylurea（ Diuron）,2-methylthio-4-t-butylamino-6-cyclopropylamino-s-triazine（ Irgarol 1051）,triphenylborane pyridine（ TPBP）,Zinc pyrithione（ Zn-Pt）,Zinc bis（ dimethyl thiocarbamate,Ziram）,and Cu2＋,were examined to promote the toxicity data approaching to the real situations and to provide the optimized compounds adding strategies. The single toxicities against Artemia nauplii were detected with results of descending order of TPBP 〉 Diuron 〉 Ziram 〉 CuSO4〉 Irgarol 1051 〉 Zn-Pt with LC50 of 0. 07,8. 0,8. 2,9. 1,12. 0,and 30. 9 μg/cm3,respectively. When every two compounds were combined,the joint effects of their toxicities were evaluated by MTI analysis. The results indicated that there were 8 synergetic combinations,including Irgarol 1051/Diuron,Irgarol 1051/TPBP,Irgarol 1051/Ziram,Irgarol 1051/Zn-Pt,Irgarol 1051/CuSO4,Diuron/TPBP,Ziram/CuSO4,and Zn-Pt/CuSO4. Among them,the MTIs of the combinations of Irgarol 1051/Ziram and Zn-Pt/CuSO4 were detected as high as 2. 740 and 5. 621,respectively. All 5 Irgarol 1051 involved combinations showed synergistic effects,which indicates that Irgarol 1051 in the marine environments may lead to higher risk than previously evaluated based on the single toxicity data. In addition,5 antagonistic combinations,including Diuron/Zn-Pt,Diuron/CuSO4,TPBP/Ziram,TPBP/Zn-Pt,and Ziram/Zn-Pt,were also observed. Those coexistence of antagonistic compounds in same antifouling paints will lead to the reduced antifouling efficiencies,therefore,should be avoided.

关 键 词：海洋生物学 海洋抗污损化合物 卤虫 毒性联合效应 协同效应 

分 类 号：P735[天文地球—海洋生物学]