宁夏一次持续大雾天气和空气污染状况分析  

Analysis of a persistent heavy fog weather and air pollution condition in Ningxia

作　　者：方宁莲 何佳 李晓虹 

机构地区：[1]宁夏石嘴山市气象局,宁夏石嘴山753000

出　　处：《宁夏工程技术》2017年第2期97-105,共9页Ningxia Engineering Technology

摘　　要：利用地面观测资料、NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料、探空资料、空气污染监测资料等,从天气环流形势、各气象要素等方面,对2015年l1月宁夏中北部出现的一次连续大雾天气成因及空气污染状况进行了分析。结果表明,大雾维持期间,该区高空维持高压脊,使得没有强冷空气入侵,地面处在弱高压和鞍形场中,850 h Pa近地层逆温持续存在,且逆湿层温差越大、厚度越高,雾越强;低空风速小,相对湿度大,温度露点差在0.1~1.0℃以内,这些是大雾形成的有利条件;中层的下沉气流伴随低的相对湿度,抑制了水汽的垂直交换以及污染物的垂直扩散。大雾日各类污染物浓度加重,而影响空气质量造成重污染的主要因素是空气中的可吸入颗粒物质量浓度高,首要污染物为PM2.5,PM10。Using ground observation data, the NCEP 1°× 1° reanalysis data, sounding data and air pollution monitoring data etc., the causes of the continuous heavy fog and air pollution phenomenon in November 2015 at the central and northern of Ningxia were analyzed based on weather circulation situation and meteorological element. The results showed that during the period of heavy fog, with the maintaining pressure ridge, there is no strong invasion of cold air with weak high pressure and saddle field at ground and reverse temperature persists near ground at 850 hPa. It is also found that the temperature difference of humidity inversion layer gets greater, with higher thickness and the fog becomes stronger. The small low-altitude wind speed, the high relative humidity and dew point temperature range in 0.1--1.0℃ are favorable conditions for fog formation. Middle sinking airflow with low relative humidity restrains the vertical exchange of water vapor and vertical diffusion of pollutants. All kinds of pollutants concentration are increasing in heavy fog day, which are key factors for air severe pollution. The concentration of inhalable particle especial the primary pollutants PM2.5 and PM10 are increased in air.

关 键 词：大雾 环流形势 气象要素 逆温层 污染物质量浓度 

分 类 号：P426.4[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]