颈交感干和颈长肌的解剖学特征  

A study of anatomical feature of cervical sympathetic trunk and longus colli

作　　者：殷照阳[1] 刘新晖[2] 王邵清[2] 凡进[3] 孙晓[1] 殷建[2] 

机构地区：[1]徐州医科大学附属连云港市第一人民医院骨科,江苏省连云港市222000 [2]南京医科大学附属江宁医院骨科 [3]南京医科大学第一附属医院骨科

出　　处：《江苏医药》2017年第14期989-992,F0002,共5页Jiangsu Medical Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(81401807);南京医科大学科技发展基金(2016NJMU156)

摘　　要：目的研究颈交感干(CST)和颈长肌(LC)的解剖学特征及其临床意义。方法取32例成人尸体标本,剥离颈部肌肉及软组织,保留CST和LC,测量CST神经节的尺寸、神经节之间的距离、两侧LC内侧缘及CST与颈胸段脊椎前方中线的距离、两侧LC内侧缘之间的夹角。结果 CST中上神经节(SG)和下神经节(IG)或颈胸神经节(CTG)恒定存在,分别位于C_2~C_3、C_7~T_1水平;中神经节(MG)在28.1%的标本中观察到,位于C_6水平,且其中2例标本单侧MG为双节;IG在25.0%的标本中观察到。标本左右侧SG、MG、IG、CTG、椎神经节的长度、宽度和厚度均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。两侧LC内侧缘间距离由上往下逐渐增宽,而两侧CST间距则逐渐减少。左侧CST与椎体中线的夹角为(11.2±1.8)度,右侧为(10.3±1.4)度,左右两侧无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论 CST和LC的走行有其解剖学特点。当LC被过度牵拉或横行切断时,CST最易被损伤,尤其位于C_6~C_7水平。熟悉CST和LC的局部解剖有利于术中辨别和避免交感干损伤。Objective To explore the anatomical characteristics and clinical significance of cervical sympathetic trunk（CST） and longus colli（LC）.Methods The neck muscles and soft tissues of thirty-two adult cadaver specimens were stripped and CST and LC were anatomized.The size of CST ganglia,distance between the ganglia,distance between both sides of LC medial margin,CST and midcourt line of cervical thoracic spine,the angle of both sides of LC were measured.Results The superior ganglion（SG）and inferior ganglion（IG） or cervical thoracic ganglion（CTG） were consistently present on the levels of C2-C3 and C7-T1,respectively.The median ganglion（MG） was observed in 28.1% of the specimens at C6 level and one side of MG（specimens were two-section）.IG was observed in 25.0% of the specimens.There were no significant differences in the length,width and thickness of SG,MG,IG,CTG and vertebral ganglion on the left and right sides of the specimens（P＆gt;0.05）.The distance between the medial margin of LC on both sides was increased gradually from top to bottom,while the distance between the two sides of CST was gradually less.There was no significant difference between left CST and right CST with the midline of the vertebral body[（11.2±1.8） degrees vs.（10.3±1.4） degrees]（P〉0.05）.Conclusion CST and LC have their anatomical characteristics.When the LC is overdrawn or transected,CST is most likely to be damaged,especially at C6-C7 level.Understanding local anatomy of CST and LC is helpful in identifying and avoiding sympathetic trunk damage.

关 键 词：颈交感干 颈长肌 局部解剖 

分 类 号：R323[医药卫生—人体解剖和组织胚胎学]