社会公正对权威合法性的影响:社会阶层的调节作用  

When do procedural justice and outcome justice interact to influence legitimacy of authorities? The moderating effect of social class

作　　者：杨林川[1,2] 马红宇[1] 姜海[1,3] 梁娟[1] 齐玲 

机构地区：[1]青少年网络心理与行为教育部重点实验室暨华中师范大学心理学院,武汉430079 [2]三峡大学高等教育研究所,湖北宜昌443002 [3]中共武汉市委党校,武汉430024

出　　处：《心理学报》2017年第7期980-994,共15页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目(31200795);国家自然科学基金重大研究计划重点支持项目(91324201);华中师范大学中央高校基本科研业务费项目(CCNU14Z02015和CCNU14Z02004)的资助

摘　　要：社会层面中的权威合法性研究是国内外学者和管理实践者近来关注的重要问题。而社会公正的两个维度——分配公正和程序公正对权威合法性的交互作用的结果并不一致。本研究基于解释水平理论,提出社会阶层能调节分配公正和程序公正对权威合法性感知的交互作用,并通过实验室研究和情境启动两种方法进行验证。结果发现对低阶层者来说,无论是否程序公正,分配公正能显著提高个体的权威合法性感知;在分配公正和多得不公条件下,程序公正显著降低权威合法性感知。对高阶层者来说,分配公正能显著提高程序公正时的权威合法性感知;程序公正能显著提高分配公正时的权威合法性感知。研究结果启示社会管理者在推行依法治国时应针对不同阶层民众的思维方式采取管理策略。Much of recent attention has been directed toward legitimacy as an important source of power for authorities in societies. Studies of the origins of perceived legitimacy have focused on the influence and interactive effects of procedural and distributive justice. However, in many studies, the two-way interaction between outcome and procedure justice was found to be statistically non-significant. According to the Construal-Level Theory, the elevated ranks and resources of upper-class individuals would increase their perceived psychological distance from others, and this distance would lead to more abstract information processing. Thus, we suspected that upper-class individuals would value procedural justice information above perceive legitimacy, whereas lower-class individuals would give greater importance to issues of distributive justice. In this study, three experiments were conducted to examine this hypothesis. Two hundred and sixty undergraduate students participated in Experiment 1, and 241 adults participated in Experiment 2. Both Experiment 1 and Experiment 2 used a 3×2×2 between-subjects design in a controlled laboratory setting. Firstly, the subjects took part in a manipulation of their relative social class. Then, the procedural justice was manipulated by a voice/no-voice procedure. Additionally, the distributive justice was controlled through the distribution of lotteries. After the treatments, perceived legitimacy of authorities was measured. The three-way interaction between outcome, procedure, and social class was statistically significant, F（2, 248） = 3.12, p〈0.05, and η2p = 0.03. Three hundred and seventy undergraduate students participated in Experiment 3. They were assigned to upper/lower-class groups based on their family occupations and subjective SES. Then, they experienced the procedural and distributive justice in 6 different scenarios before their perceived legitimacy of the authority was measured. The three-way interaction between outcome, procedure, and social class wassignifica

关 键 词：权威合法性 社会阶层 程序公正 分配公正 解释水平理论 

分 类 号：B849[哲学宗教—应用心理学] C91[哲学宗教—心理学]