铸铁件缺陷的防止措施  

Defects of Iron Casting and Precautions against Them

作　　者：徐庆柏[1] 

机构地区：[1]合肥工业大学,安徽合肥230009

出　　处：《铸造工程》2017年第4期9-16,共8页Foundry Engineering

摘　　要：早先,将铸铁件的铸造缺陷分为7类：披缝（多肉）,气孔,裂纹,表面粗糙,浇注不足,尺寸不精确,以及夹杂物等.随着铸造材料的发展,又产生了一些新的铸造缺陷.铸造缺陷可归纳为：与造型有关的铸造缺陷,如鼠尾、湿型中的针孔、煤粉中的硫阻碍球铁的石墨球化、呋喃树脂砂型中灰口铸铁的涂料渣孔、呋喃树脂砂型中阻碍球铁石墨球化、壳芯引起的氮缺陷以及发热和保温冒口套引起的鼠尾和鱼眼斑点等;与铁水有关的铸造缺陷,如流动性不良、气孔、灰口铸铁熔渣及球铁的浮渣等;与凝固有关的铸造缺陷,如灰铸铁中的多肉、灰铸铁中的热裂纹、点状孔和缩孔等;与材料有关的铸造缺陷,如反白口、板状断面、异常石墨、硼引起的高强度球墨铸铁的硬度降低等.提出了上述铸造缺陷的预防措施.In the early stage, casting defects were classified into such seven types as burr flash（sticker）, air hole, crack, coarse surface, insufficient pouring, inaccurate dimension, and inclusion. Some new casting defects produced along with the development of casting materials. The casting detects may be summed up as follows： （1） defects related to the molding, such as rat tail, pinhole in green sand mould, hindrance of sulfur from fine coal to spheroidization of graphite in nodular iron, dressing scum spot of gray iron in furan resin bonded mold, hindrance to spheroidization of graphite in nodular iron in furan resin bonded mold, defective nitrogen arising from shell core, and fish eye spot resulting from calorification and insulated feeder bush; （2） defects related to the melted iron, such as bad fluidity, air hole, molten slag in gray iron, and dross in nodular iron; （3） defects related to the solidification, such as sticker in gray iron, pull crack, spot hole, shrinkage cavity in gray iron; （4） defects related to the materials, such as inverse chill, plate-like fracture, abnormal graphite, decrease in hardness of high-strength nodular iron caused by boron. The relevant precautions against above-named casting defects were put forward.

关 键 词：铸铁件 缺陷 防止措施 

分 类 号：TG250.6[金属学及工艺—铸造]