京津冀地区的生态质量定量评价  

Quantitative assessment of ecological quality in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban megaregion,China

作　　者：王静[1,2] 周伟奇 许开鹏[3] 颜景理[1,2] 李伟峰[1] 韩立建[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,北京100085 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]环境保护部环境规划院,北京100012

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2017年第8期2667-2676,共10页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重大项目(41590841);全国生态环境十年变化(2000-2010年)遥感调查与评估项目(STSN-12-01);环境保护部专项(2110203)资助~~

摘　　要：生态质量的好坏标志着区域经济社会可持续发展的能力以及社会生产和人居环境稳定可协调的程度,如何定量评价区域生态质量状况与变化,协调其与城镇化的关系,日益成为城市生态学研究的热点.本文选择城市化发展迅速、生态环境问题突出的京津冀城市群为研究对象,基于遥感技术反演京津冀城市群植被覆盖度、生物量和人工表面比例、植被面积百分比等生态参数,结合植被破碎化指数,采用主成分分析法,构建了基于遥感参数的生态质量指数综合模型,定量评价了2000—2010年京津冀城市群生态质量及动态变化.结果表明:本文构建的生态模型可以更客观、综合地定量评估城市与区域的生态质量状况与变化.2000—2010年,京津冀城市群的生态质量指数从2.38上升到2.84,增幅达19.3%.其中,2000—2005年的增幅(12.2%)高于2006—2010年(7.2%).从空间分布来看,生态质量指数的高值区位于京津冀北部,西部、东南部较低.不同城市的生态质量状况及变化趋势不同.承德的生态质量状况最好,并显著高于其他城市;其次为北京、秦皇岛和保定;天津的生态质量最差.承德、北京、秦皇岛和保定的生态质量高于京津冀地区的平均水平;廊坊、天津和沧州的生态质量明显低于平均水平.2000—2010年间,除唐山外,其他城市的生态质量均呈好转趋势.其中,沧州、衡水的生态质量指数提升最显著,增幅分别达520.5%和171.8%.The ecological quality symbolizes the capacity of sustainable development of regional economy and society, as well as the degree of stability and coordination between social production and human settlement environment. Therefore, how to quantitatively assess ecological quality and its change, as well as coordinate the relation between the ecological quality and urbanization, is be- coming a hotspot of urban ecology. The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei （BTH） urban megaregion, where ur- banization developed rapidly and environmental problems became increasingly evident, was chosen as the study area. Then we calculated the ecological parameters including the vegetation fraction, biomass, and the percent cover of built-up land based on remote sensing data, and combined with vegetation fragmentation index, to develop a comprehensive index model of ecological quality based on RS indicators by using principal component analysis. The ecological quality and its dynamics in the BTH urban megaregion from 2000 to 2010 were quantitatively evaluated. The results showed that the ecological model constructed in this paper could be used to evaluate the ecological quality and change of city and region objectively and comprehensively. The index of ecological quality in BTHincreased from 2.38 in 2000 to 2.84 in 2010, with a growth rate of 19.3%. The growth rate of 2000-2005 （12.2%） was higher than that of 2006-2010 （7.2%）. Spatially, high values of the in- dex were distributed in the north of the megaregion, while low values in the west and southeast.

关 键 词：京津冀城市群 生态质量指数 生态质量评价 遥感 

分 类 号：Q14[生物学—生态学]