Affairs happen---to whom？ A study on extrapair paternity in common nightingales  

作　　者：Conny LANDGRAF Kerstin WILHELM Jutta WIRTH Michael WEISS Silke KIPPER 

机构地区：[1]Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW), Alfred-Kowalke-StraBe 17, 10315 Berlin, Germany [2]Animal Behavior Group, Free University of Berlin, TakustraBe 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany [3]Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, University of UIm, Albert Einstein Allee 11, 89069 UIm, Germany [4]Behavioural Ecology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, De Elst 1, 6708 WD Wageningen, The Netherlands [5]Department of Exposition, Unit Epidemiology, Statistics and Mathematical Modelling, Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany [6]Chair of Zoology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universitat Munchen, LieseI-Beckmann-StraBe 4, 85350 Freising, Germany

出　　处：《Current Zoology》2017年第4期421-431,共11页动物学报（英文版）

摘　　要：Most birds engage in extrapair copulations despite great differences across and within species. Besides cost and benefit considerations of the two sex environmental factors have been found to alter mating strategies within or between populations and/or over time. For socially monogamous species, the main advantage that females might gain from mating with multiple males is probably increasing their offspring＇s genetic fitness. Since male （genetic） quality is mostly not directly meas- urable for female birds, （extrapair） mate choice is based on male secondary traits. In passerines male song is such a sexual ornament indicating male phenotypic and/or genetic quality and song repertoires seem to affect female mate choice in a number of species. Yet their role in extrapair mating behavior is not well understood. In this study, we investigated the proportion of extrapair paternity （EPP） in a population of common nightingales Luscinia megarhynchos. We found that EPP rate was rather high （21.5% of all offspring tested） for a species without sexual dimorphism and high levels of paternal care. Furthermore, the occurrence of EPP was strongly related to the spatial distribution of male territories with males settling in densely occupied areas having higher proportions of extrapair young within their own brood. Also, song repertoire size affected EPP： here larger repertoires of social mates were negatively related to the probability of being cuck- olded. When directly comparing repertoires sizes of social and extrapair mates, extrapair mates tended to have larger repertoires. We finally discuss our results as a hint for a flexible mating strat- egy in nightingales where several factors--including ecological as well as male song features-- need to be considered when studying reproductive behavior in monogamous species with complex song.

关 键 词：common nightingale direct fitness extrapair paternity Luscinia megarhynchos repertoire size territorial settlement. 

分 类 号：Q343[生物学—遗传学] Q959.841