同核异质两系杂交水稻主要农艺性状的细胞质效应研究  

Cytoplasmic Effects on Major Agronomic Traits of Isonuclear Alloplasmic Two-line Rice Hybrids

作　　者：康公平[1,2] 戴小军[2] 欧立军[2] 梁满中[2] 陈良碧[2] KANG Gong-ping DAI Xiao-jun OU Li-jun LIANG Man-zhong CHEN Liang-bi(College of A＆F Engineering and Planning, Tongren University, Tongren, Guizhou 554300, China College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China)

机构地区：[1]铜仁学院农林工程与规划学院,贵州铜仁554300 [2]湖南师范大学生命科学学院,湖南长沙410081

出　　处：《杂交水稻》2017年第4期63-66,70,共5页Hybrid Rice

基　　金：国家"863"计划(2010AA101305);湖南省科技重大专项(2009FJ1004-1);贵州省科学技术基金项目(黔科合J字20142159);贵州省教育厅重点项目(黔教合KY字2013184)

摘　　要：以来源于不同地域的8个不同类型水稻品种为细胞质供体,以温敏核不育系株1S、准S作为细胞核供体,通过杂交和连续回交,得到8种细胞质2套核背景的同核异质温敏核不育系,将株1S、准S(为对照)及其同核异质温敏核不育系分别与4个恢复系杂交,得到72个同核异质两系杂交组合,比较分析了新质源杂交组合与对照杂交组合的主要农艺性状。结果表明,细胞质对同核异质两系杂交组合的8个农艺性状均表现出极显著的遗传效应,新质源整体上在大多数农艺性状上都表现出负效应;质核互作对8个农艺性状也均表现出显著的遗传效应。Lemont细胞质对两系杂交组合的全生育期、株高、单株生物产量、单株有效穗、每穗总粒数有显著的负效应,但对结实率有显著的正效应;V20A细胞质对两系杂交组合的全生育期有显著的正效应,对其余性状均表现出显著的负效应,不适合作两系杂交水稻的细胞质源;日本晴细胞质对两系杂交组合的单株生物产量有显著的正效应,而对全生育期与株高有一定的负效应,可在两系杂交水稻育种中加以利用。Two sets of isonucluear alloplasmic thermo-sensitive genetic male sterile （TGMS） lines with eight kinds of cytoplasm and two kinds of nucleus were constructed by crossing and successive backcrossing with eight rice vari- eties from different areas of the world as the cytoplasmic donors and two TGMS lines （Zhu 1S and Zhun S） as the nuclear donors. Seventy-two isonucluear alloplasmic two-line hybrids were made by crossing Zhu 1S and Zhun S （as the checks） and their isonucluear alloplasmie TGMS lines with four restorer lines to compare and analyze the major agronomic traits between the hybrids of new cytoplasms and those of their checks. The results showed that the cytoplasm had a very significant genetic effect on all of the eight agronomic traits of isonucluear alloplasmic two-line hybrids, and the new cytoplasms had a negative effect on most agronomic traits as a whole. The nucleus-cytoplasm interactions had also a significant genetic effect on eight agronomic traits. The cytoplasmic effect of Lemont was sig- nificantly negative on the traits of growth period （GD）, plant height （PH）, dry weight per plant （DWP）, the number of effective panicles per plant （EPP） and the number of spikelets per panicle （ SP）, but significantly posi- tive on the trait of seed-setting rate （SSR）. The cytoplasm of V20A had only a significantly positive effect on GD but a significantly negative effect on all of the other traits, plasmie on DWP indicating that V20A is not suitable to be used as a cyto- donor in developing two-line rice hybrids. The cytoplasmic of Nipponbare had a significantly positive effect and a negative effect on GD and PH, indicating that it can be utilized in two-line hybrid rice breeding

关 键 词：水稻 同核异质温敏核不育系 农艺性状 细胞质效应 

分 类 号：S511.01[农业科学—作物学] S311