家具制造企业半定量风险评估方法优化及应用研究  

A study on application of semi-quantitative risk assessment models in furniture industry

作　　者：栾俞清[1] 张美辨[1] 邹华[1] 全长健[1] LUAN Yu-qing ZHANG Mei-bian ZOU Hua QUAN Chang-jian(Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310051, China)

机构地区：[1]浙江省疾病预防控制中心,浙江杭州310051

出　　处：《预防医学》2017年第8期770-776,共7页CHINA PREVENTIVE MEDICINE JOURNAL

基　　金：浙江省医药卫生科技计划项目(2013KYA042)

摘　　要：目的采用半定量风险评估优化模型评估家具制造企业职业健康风险水平,探讨其适用性。方法通过增加噪声、高温等物理因素,职业卫生管理制度和工程控制措施等因素,从危害等级和暴露等级方面对新加坡职业暴露半定量风险评估模型进行改良,并应用优化模型对家具制造企业进行职业健康风险评估。结果家具制造企业主要职业危害因素包括木粉尘、噪声、甲醛、苯、甲苯和二甲苯。木粉尘检测浓度为1.9~8.9 mg/m^3,合格率为50.0%;甲醛检测浓度为0.24~0.36 mg/m^3、苯检测浓度为0~0.6 mg/m^3、甲苯检测浓度为3.8~6.7 mg/m^3、二甲苯检测浓度为6.1~16.1 mg/m^3,合格率均为100.0%。噪声检测强度为80.8 d B(A),未超出其职业接触限值。甲醛、木粉尘、苯和噪声危害因素风险水平均为高风险,甲苯和二甲苯均为中等风险。新加坡模型(浓度法)评估的风险水平为低风险至高风险,新加坡模型(指数法)评估的风险水平为中等风险至极高风险,优化模型评估的风险水平为中等风险至高风险,介于两者之间。结论半定量优化模型适用于家具制造企业的职业健康风险评估,但在我国其他工业企业的适用性需进一步研究。Objective To explore the suitable risk assessment model for printing industry, we evaluated the risk of furniture industry using models provided by Singapore Ministry of Manpower （MOM） Methods According to the occupational-disease-prevention laws and regulations, we improved the MOM and increased the risk assessment of physical agents. Then, we evaluate the risk of furniture industry using the improved MOM. Results The range of wood dusl was 1.9-8.9mg/m3, and the percent of pass was 50%. The range of formaldehyde, benzene, methylbenzene and dimethylbenzene was 0.24-0.36 mg/m3, 〈 0.6mg/m3, 3.8-6.7mg/m3 and 6.1-16.1mg/m3 respectively, and their percent of pass was 100%. Furthermore, the noise intensity was 80.8 dB （A） , which was under the occupational exposure limit. The risk level of wood dust, formaldehyde, benzene and noise was high, while the risk level of methylbenzene and dimethylbenzene was moderate. Conclusion The improved semi-quantitative risk assessment was appropriate for furniture industry, but its applicability in industrial enterprise needs to be studied further.

关 键 词：半定量 风险评估 化学毒物 物理因素 家具制造企业 

分 类 号：R134[医药卫生—劳动卫生]