行距配置对玉米茎秆抗倒伏特性及光合性能的影响  

Row Spacing Allocation:Effect on Stem Lodging Resistance and Photosynthetic Properties of Maize

作　　者：邓妍[1] 王创云[1] 赵丽[1] 张丽光[1] 郭虹霞[1] 牛学谦[1] 王陆军[1] Deng Yan Wang Chuangyun Zhao Li Zhang Liguang Guo Hongxia Niu Xueqian Wang Lujun(Institute of Crop Science, Shanxi Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Taiyuan 030031)

机构地区：[1]山西省农业科学院作物科学研究所,太原030031

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2017年第21期15-20,共6页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项"黄土高原小麦玉米油菜田间节水节肥节药综合技术方案"(201503124);山西省青年科技研究基金项目"山西雨养农田玉米水肥联合调控抗旱节水技术研究与应用"(201601D202076);山西省农业科学院博士研究基金项目"旱地玉米稳产高产;抗旱节肥高效栽培技术研究与应用"(YBSJJ1604);三晋学者支持计划专项经费

摘　　要：为探究不同行距配置对玉米茎秆抗倒伏特性及光合性能的影响,明确山西省春玉米栽培适宜的种植行距,本试验于2015年在山西省农科院东阳试验基地展开,以‘大丰30’为试验材料,设置宽行种植(80 cm)、窄行种植(40 cm)、宽窄行种植(80 cm+40 cm)和等行距种植(60 cm)4种行距处理,分析了玉米茎秆抗倒伏特性、叶面积指数(LAI)、光合参数及产量对不同行距处理的响应。结果表明,宽行种植和宽窄行种植较窄行距种植和等行距种植,玉米株高、穗位高和穗位高系数降低;抽雄期和灌浆期,不同节间茎秆硬皮穿刺强度和弯曲性能提高,LAI、叶片光合速率、蒸腾速率提高;穗长、穗行数、行粒数、百粒重提高,产量分别提高17%、9%以上,且宽窄行种植更具优势。此外,抽雄期至成熟期,玉米籽粒产量与叶面积指数、叶片光合速率和蒸腾速率均呈显著或极显著正相关。总之,宽窄行种植(80 cm+40 cm)有利于提高玉米茎秆抗倒伏特性,提高光合作用,优化产量构成,提高籽粒产量,可为山西省玉米种植提供技术支撑。To explore the effect of different row spacing allocation on stem lodging resistance and photosynthetic properties of maize,and to figure out the optimum row spacing of spring maize in Shanxi Province,an experiment was carried out in 2015 in Dongyang Test Base of Shanxi Academy of Agriculture Sciences.‘Dafeng 30’was used as the material,4 row spacing allocation,the wide row spacing（80 cm）,the narrow row spacing（40 cm）,the wide-narrow row spacing（80 cm＋40 cm）,and the equal row spacing（60 cm）were set and the responses of stem lodging resistance,leaf area index（LAI）,photosynthesis parameter and yield to different row spacing allocation were analyzed.The results showed that compared with the narrow row spacing and the equal row spacing treatment,under the wide row spacing and the wide-narrow row spacing treatment,plant height,ear height and ear height coefficient decreased.At tasseling stage and filling stage,the different internodes stalks hardback rind penetration strength and stem bending capacity were enhanced,LAI,leaf photosynthesis rate and transpiration rate increased.The ear length,ear row number,row grains and hundred kernel weight increased,the yield increased by over 17% and 9%,respectively,and the wide-narrow row spacing had more advantage.Moreover,from the tasseling stage to maturation stage,the grain yield and LAI,leaf photosynthesis rate and transpiration rate all had significant or extremely significant positive correlation.Taken together,the wide-narrow row spacing（80 cm＋40 cm）was beneficial to increase stem lodging resistance capacity,improve photosynthesis,optimize the components of yield,and increase the yield,so that it could provide technology support for maize cultivation in Shanxi Province.

关 键 词：玉米 行距配置 茎秆抗倒伏特性 光合性能 产量 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]