光碳核肥对设施豇豆生理特性、水分利用率及矿质营养的影响  

Effects of CO_2 Capture Agent on Photosynthesis,Water Use Efficiency and Mineral Nutrition of Protected Cowpea

作　　者：殷常青[1] 费良军[1] Yin Changqing Fei Liangjun(Institute of Water Resources, Xi＇ an University of Technology, Xi＇ an 710048)

机构地区：[1]西安理工大学水资源研究所,西安710048

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2017年第21期38-44,共7页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目"浑水膜孔灌理论与技术要素试验及数值模拟研究"(51479161);国家自然科学基金资助项目"果树涌泉根灌施肥土壤氮素运移特性与技术要素研究"(51279157);公益性行业科研专项资助项目"西北非耕地农业利用技术集成与产业化"(201203003)

摘　　要：为探求光碳核肥对豇豆生理特性、水分利用率及矿质营养的影响,以‘之豇28-2’为试材,分析豇豆各项生育指标对不同施肥处理的响应。试验共设4个处理:CK处理不施肥,设为对照;T_1施商品有机肥4500 kg/hm^2;T_2施无机肥(N 176.3 kg/hm^2+P_2O_568.1 kg/hm^2+K_2O 144 kg/hm^2);T_3豇豆生育过程中喷施光碳核肥。结果表明,T_3处理喷施光碳核肥将游离于大气中的CO_2捕集到植物的叶茎周围,CO_2浓度富集增加,作物生长状况良好,光合强度大幅度增加且午休现象消失,叶片气孔开张度下降,叶边界阻力增加,蒸腾速率减小,叶片水分利用率较对照提高20%,达到显著水平(P<0.05);叶片温度上升,同时激活叶片内部酶系统活性,经测定POD、SOD同工酶活性分别增加11.6%~34.5%、11.6%~19.3%,叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素(a+b)及叶绿素(a/b)较CK分别降低了4.3%、2.76%、3.92%和0.6%,但差异性不显著;矿质元素含量有所减少,N、P、K、Ca、Mg较CK分别降低27.6%、35.7%、54%、1.9%、6.18%。综合分析,光碳核肥对于促进设施豇豆的生长发育、提高水分利用率以及品质的改良都有重要意义。To clarify the effects of CO2 capture agent on photosynthesis,water use efficiency and mineral nutrition of cowpea in greenhouse,the authors analyzed the response of every growth index of cowpea to different treatments based on‘cowpea 28-2’.There were four treatments,T1 organic fertilizer,T2 organic＋inorganic fertilizer（N 176.3 kg/hm2 ＋P2O5 68.1 kg/hm2 ＋K2O 144 kg/hm2 ）,T3 organic fertilizer before planting and CO2 capture agent during the growth period of cowpea,and CK of no fertilizer.The result indicated that CO2 capture agent could capture free CO2 in the atmosphere around the stem,the growth of cowpea was better,photosynthesis increased significantly and photosynthetic noon break disappeared,cond dropped and leaf boundary resistance increased while transpiration rate decreased,at the same time,leaf water use efficiency increased significantly by 20% compared with CK（P〈0.05）.Leaf temperature rose and activated blade internal enzyme systems’activity,through measuring,the enzyme activity of POD and SOD increased by 11.6% -34.5%,11.6% -19.3% while chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b,chlorophyll（a＋b）and chlorophyll（a/b）decreased by 4.3%,2.76%,3.92% and 0.6%,respectively,compared with CK,but the difference was not significant.The content of N,P,K,Ca and Mg decreased by 27.6%,35.7%,54%,1.9%,6.18% compared with CK.The comprehensive analysis of every index indicates that CO2 capture agent can significantly promote growth,water use efficiency and quality of cowpea in facility cultivation.

关 键 词：光碳核肥 豇豆 生理特性 水分利用率 矿质营养 

分 类 号：S275.6[农业科学—农业水土工程]