贵州毕节老鸦洞遗址1985年出土的石制品  

Lithic materials from 1985 excavation in Laoya Late Paleolithic site: Typology and technology

作　　者：关莹[1] 蔡回阳[2] 王新金 许春华[1] 魏屹[1] 周振宇[4] 高星[1] GUAN Ying CAI Huiyang WANG Xinjin XU Chunhua WEI Yi ZHOU Zhenyu GAO Xing(Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beo＇ing 100044 Guizhou Provincial Museum, Guiyang 550001 Guizhou Provineial Archaeology Institute, Guiyang 550001 Institute of Archaeology in Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beo＇ing 100710)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所脊椎动物演化与人类起源重点实验室,北京100044 [2]贵州省博物馆,贵阳550004 [3]贵州省文物考古研究所,贵阳550004 [4]中国社会科学院考古研究所,北京100710

出　　处：《人类学学报》2017年第3期304-317,共14页Acta Anthropologica Sinica

基　　金：自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(41302015);国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)(2015CB953803)

摘　　要：老鸦洞遗址是贵州省毕节市七星关区一处旧石器时代晚期遗址,该遗址上世纪80年代被发现并发掘,出土大量石制品及动物碎骨。由于种种原因,这批出土材料始终未被系统研究,老鸦洞遗址仅在有限的文献内被简单描述。为进一步研究该遗址,明确遗址文化及年代性质,我们对1985年试掘出土以及1983、1984年采集的部分的石制品进行了类型学及技术学分析,并以此为基础对遗址及所属人群进行了讨论。老鸦洞存在的石器技术属于我国境内典型的旧石器时代晚期小石片石器传统类型,以本地丰富的燧石和石灰岩为主要原料制作生产生活工具,石片形制规整,小型工具如刮削器、端刮器、尖状器等制作精美,在长达三万年的时间跨度中,石器技术无重大改变。这种对本地石料的采集方式,以及以洞穴为主要居住地点,长期在有限空间内活动的特征,表达了云贵高原古人类特有的低流动性生存模式,为探讨云贵高原更新世末期古人类的生存行为及扩散辐射提供了良好证据。During the last stage of the Last Glacial period, Paleolithic cultures across the world dramatically changed in terms of population size, technological development, social structure building, etc. In China, late Paleolithic culture is unique compared with Europe, West Asia, North America, Oceania, and Africa. A small-flake-tool technological complex dominated this period in most parts of North and Southwest China. Laoya cave site is a typical late Paleolithic cave site in Yun-Gui plateau, which was systematically excavated in 1985 and 2013. This paper focuses on the typological and technological study of the lithic materials unearthed in the 1985 excavation and surface collected in 1983 and 1984. We discuss the low mobility subsistence pattern of the ancient local occupants. In the lithic assemblage, chunks and debris comprise 76.88%, followed by retouched tools （10.71%）. Flakes count for 8.83% and the cores 3.1%. Due to the field methods in the 1980s, some small chunks and small debris might not have been noticed or collected, and so the proportion of chunks and debris might be higher. In the flake assemblage, type VI flakes （without cortex on the platform and dorsal face） are the main type, possibly used as cutting tools or as blanks for retouched tools. In the formal tool assemblage, scrapers are the main type and occur in regular, well modified shapes. The main raw materials for the entire assemblage are chert and limestone. Some quartz and sandstone are also utilized but in limited quantities. Based on the flake scar attributes and on the excavated hammer stones, we suggest that hard hammer stone percussion is the primary flaking technique, although some small volume specimens show long, shallow scars suggestive of soft-hammer flaking. In the 2013 excavation, several antlers were discovered, which had use-wear on the tips. Therefore, soft hammer percussion may have been applied by the Laoya cave occupants. Volume measurements （based on length, width, and thickness） and weight indicate that, altho

关 键 词：贵州毕节 旧石器晚期 洞穴 石制品 

分 类 号：P931.5[天文地球—自然地理学]