基于超低功耗单片机和光电传感器的蜜蜂计数监测系统设计  

Design of monitoring and counting system for bee colony based on ultralow-power consumption MCU and photoelectric sensor

作　　者：柴秋子 陈东晓[2] 余红[3] 方献平[3] 寇海源 李红亮[1] Chai Qiuzi Chen Dongxiao Yu Hong Fang Xianping Kou Haiyuan Li Hongliang(College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 31 O018, China College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China)

机构地区：[1]中国计量大学生命科学学院,杭州310018 [2]中国计量大学信息工程学院,杭州310018 [3]杭州市农业科学研究院,杭州310024

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2017年第13期193-198,共6页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31372254);金华市农业公益项目(2016-4-001);杭州市科技计划项目(20170432B14)

摘　　要：蜜蜂授粉是目前冬季设施草莓产量和质量的重要保障,然而尚未有专门针对设施草莓进行蜜蜂授粉效率的监测系统。该文采用MSP430超低功耗单片机系统结合双红外光电传感器和无线串口装置,设计开发了一套基于设施草莓环境的蜜蜂蜂群计数监测系统,用于统计和监测授粉蜜蜂的活动规律并判断其活力。该系统采用超低功耗(1.8~3.6 V,0.1μA/power^down)单片机MSP430G2553作为控制核心,用并联的红外光电传感器分别感应2个通道的蜜蜂进出巢的方向,光电信号触发单片机外部中断后,单片机根据触发顺序对该信号进行处理和转换后开始计数,并把蜜蜂实时进出的数据通过无线模块送入串口软件,最终通过串口软件显示在上位机的界面上以及液晶显示屏上。田间试验表明整套系统性能稳定且功耗低,系统内部设计有稳压芯片TPS7333,可转换为3.3 V电压给系统稳定供电,所以该系统可采用交流电供电和普通5 V移动电源2种供电模式,给田间试验带来了诸多方便。田间试验结果显示,该系统能精确地实时统计蜜蜂进出巢的数据,从而动态反映蜜蜂的活力变化和行为规律,给提高蜜蜂田间授粉效率的研究提供了参考。With the development of the science and technology of modern agriculture, facility agriculture gets increasingly popular. Strawberry produced in facilities such as high tunnel is one of the key components for Chinese agriculture in some regions because of high economic return.. Because the flowering period of facilities strawberry is in winter, there is a high humidity in greenhouse, the mobility of air is limited, and the most important is lack of medium for strawberry pollination. Therefore, in the winter facilities strawberry, Apis cerana pollination is necessary for the improvement of the production and quality of strawberry. However, the lack of the specific counting system to monitor the activities and efficiencies of pollinating bees in facilities strawberry needs to be addressed. Here, a novel set of monitoring and counting system for honeybee colonies vitality was designed by using the photoelectric sensors （H42B6） and wireless serial ports, and successfully applied in the facilities strawberry. The system was composed of a low consumption single chip microcomputer of MSP430G2553 as the control core, and double infrared photoelectric sensors as the bees counting components. The control core cpu worked at the voltage of 1.8V to 3.6V and it has five low consumption modes （LPM0, LPM1, LPM2, LPM3, LPM4） and the working current was also low. When the cpu worked at the clock frequency of 1Mhz, the chip working current was only around 200 pA to 400/~A, which made the whole system work at the advantage of low power. As a sensor module, double photoelectric consisted of an enter/close for bees in and out, and because the number of bees were large, the system had the same two enter/closes to avoid bees＇ congestion around the hives. According to the diode performance characteristic, when bees got in or out of the hives, the double infrared photoelectric sensors recorded the counting signals, which triggered the MCU＇s external interrupt. Then MCU dealt with the received signals from the infrared photoele

关 键 词：传感器 监测 系统 单片机 草莓授粉 蜂群活力 

分 类 号：TP273.5[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置]