半阶梯式笼养蛋种鸡舍冬季日间空气污染物排放特征  

Characters of airborne contaminants emission from half stair-step cage breeding hen house during winter daytime

作　　者：李宗刚[1] 李保明[1] 郑炜超[1] Li Zonggang Li Baoming Zheng Weichao(College of Water Resource and Civil Engineer, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Animal Health Environment, Beijing 100083, China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学水利与土木工程学院,农业部设施农业工程重点实验室,北京市畜禽健康养殖工程技术研究中心,北京100083

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2017年第13期220-226,共7页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31372350);北京市自然科学基金(6154029);国家现代农业(蛋鸡)产业技术体系项目(CARS-41-K20)

摘　　要：蛋鸡舍空气颗粒物、空气微生物和氨气等污染物的排放不但影响场区生物安全,更会造成环境污染问题。该文采用直线多点均匀采样新型系统,对北京地区某半阶梯式笼养蛋种鸡舍冬季空气颗粒物、微生物和氨气3种污染物的日间排放进行监测和分析,研究半阶梯式笼养蛋种鸡舍冬季日间空气污染物排放特征。结果表明,该蛋种鸡舍试验期间舍内温度保持在18.0~20.0℃;间歇性通风条件下,风机的开启时长和舍外温度具有正相关关系(P<0.05,R2=0.883 7);在冬季8:00-18:00期间,空气颗粒物的排放质量浓度为0.5~0.8 mg/m^3,每只鸡排放量为1.0~1.5 mg/h;空气微生物的排放浓度为4.0~4.5 log10CFU/m^3,每只鸡排放量为4.3~4.8 log10 CFU/h;氨气排放浓度为7.6~14.3 mg/m^3,每只鸡排放量为8.1~13.7 mg/h。试验期间,舍外温度低于舍内温度,试验鸡舍通风量及波动范围小,空气颗粒物、空气微生物和氨气的排放浓度、排放量与舍外温度、通风量、舍内相对湿度之间均未发现相关关系(P>0.05)。该研究结果可为中国蛋鸡舍空气污染物排放特征提供参考。Environment and disease problems have negative effects on the development of egg industry. Airborne particles, airbome microorganisms and ammonia are the main contaminants emitted from laying hen houses. These air contaminants emitted from animal buildings may harm the environment and public health. PM2.5 can deposit in human lung, causing respiratory responses. It increases the risk of Asthma, vascular inflammation, lung cancer and heart disease. Airborne microorganisms with airbome particles as the carrier can cause cross disease infection of birds, threatening the biosecurity of the farm. Ammonia may harm the health of workers and birds, and reduce the animal production performance. In this research, the emission of airborne particles, airborne microorganisms and ammonia from a breeding hen house were monitored in the winter daytime in Beijing, China. Approximate 14,000 layer breeding hens （32 week-old at the start of the experiment） and 400 adult male chickens were confined in 3 stair-step cages in the tunnel-ventilated house. During the experiment, fresh air was pulled in through 38 air inlets, evenly distributed along the sidewalls, and only one of the six exhaust fans （the experimental fan） was operated intermittently on a thermostat to control indoor air temperature. A new sampling system for airborne particles, airborne microorganisms and ammonia was designed, respectively. The airborne particles sampling system consists of a PVC sampling manifold, a glass fiber membrane, a drying tube, a flow meter and a vacuum pump. The ammonia sampling system consists of a PVC sampling manifold, an air washing bottle with boric acid solution, a drying tube, a flow meter and a vacuum pump. The airborne microorganisms sampling system consists of a PVC sampling manifold, an airborne microorganism sampler and a vacuum pump. The study was carried out in the winter daytime using these sampling systems. Average airborne particle and ammonia concentrations at the outlet sampling location were measured from 8：00--18�

关 键 词：污染 排放控制 微生物 蛋种鸡舍 空气颗粒物 氨气 

分 类 号：S817.3[农业科学—畜牧学]