近代早期英格兰的“乡绅修志”现象  

The Writing of Chorographies by the Gentry in Early Modern England

作　　者：陈日华[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学历史学院

出　　处：《世界历史》2017年第4期46-59,共14页World History

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目"16-18世纪英国地方志研究"(项目编号:17BSS031);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助的阶段性成果

摘　　要：英格兰地方志的编撰始于16世纪70年代,以威廉·兰巴德的《肯特郡志》为标志,后又有约翰·斯托的《伦敦城志》、托马斯·纳什的《雅茅斯城志》、威廉·伯顿的《莱斯特郡志》、威廉·达格代尔的《沃里克郡志》等一批优秀的作品问世,由此,地方志特别是郡志的编撰进入繁荣期。从17世纪下半叶开始,地方志的撰写增加了"自然史"的内容。这一时期编撰地方志的主体是乡绅阶层,他们受过良好的教育,或是法律学者,或是纹章官,或是古物研究者。作为民族国家命运共同体一员的地方志史家,修志行为既反映了他们的民族情感和对国家的热爱,同时也体现了乡绅强烈的地方认同感,由此形成"乡绅修志"现象。产生"乡绅修志"这一现象的原因在于,十六七世纪既是英国民族国家的形成时期,也是地方认同和郡共同体形成的历史时期。"乡绅修志"即是地方认同和民族认同交织在一起的文化体现。The writing of chorographies in England began from the 1570s.William Lambarde’s Perambulation of Kent is generally acknowledged as the first example of the chorography.From then on,there appeared with John Stow’s The Survey of London,William Burton’s The Description of Leicestershire,and William Dugdale’s The Antiquities of Warwickshire.The writing of chorographies became prosperous.From the late 17^(th) century,the context of natural history became a part of the chorography.It was the well-educated gentry who wrote the chorography.Some of the gentry were lawyers,heralds,and some of them were antiquarians.The authors of chorographies loved Britain and the nation,and at the same time they had strong feelings of local identification.It is the formation period of the nation state from the 16^(th) century to the 17^(th) century and the identification of locality and the nation state came into being.The cultural phenomenon on gentry writing the chorography also showed the identification of gentry community in early modern England.

关 键 词：英格兰 地方志 乡绅 群体志 命运共同体 

分 类 号：K561.9[历史地理—历史学]