锥栗花芽雏梢分化进程及其相关营养物质含量的变化  

A study on the floral shoot differentiation process and the changes in nutrient contents in Castanea henryi

作　　者：欧阳芬[1] 袁德义[1] 范晓明[1] 邹锋[1] 高超[1] 王刚[1] 

机构地区：[1]中南林业科技大学.经济林培育与保护教育部重点实验室.经济林育种与栽培国家林业局重点实验室.经济林培育与利用湖南省2011协同创新中心,长沙410004

出　　处：《果树学报》2017年第8期1007-1015,共9页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划课题(2013BAD14B04);中南林业科技大学研究生创新基金(CX2016B17);湖南省研究生创新基金(CX2016B328)

摘　　要：【目的】探讨锥栗花芽分化的营养生理基础,为人工调控锥栗花芽分化提供理论依据。【方法】以‘华栗4号’锥栗为试材,采用石蜡切片法,明确花芽雏梢分化进程,对比分析此期间完全混合花芽、不完全混合花芽及叶芽中内含营养成分动态变化规律。【结果】锥栗花芽雏梢分化分为冬前花序原基分化期(时期Ⅰ)、冬后花序原基分化期(时期Ⅱ)、花簇苞片原基分化期(时期Ⅲ)和花簇原基分化期(时期Ⅳ)4个时期;在花芽雏梢分化过程中,花芽与叶芽中可溶性糖含量(ω,下同)峰值出现在时期Ⅱ,分别为11.561、10.14、9.085 mg·g^(-1),可溶性蛋白含量在时期Ⅳ达到最高,分别为3.314、2.776、1.712 mg·g^(-1);花芽与叶芽中淀粉含量峰值出现在时期I,分别为148.286、170.482、189.661 mg·g^(-1);完全混合花芽中N、Mg、Fe含量在花芽雏梢分化期均先减后增再减,而K、Mn、Zn含量先增后减再增,Ca含量在时期IV最高,为144.05 mg·g^(-1);不完全混合花芽与叶芽中Zn、N、K、Ca含量均是先加后减。花芽与叶芽中的C/N均是先升后降再升。【结论】碳水化合物和可溶性蛋白的累积及高水平的C/N有利于锥栗完全混合花芽的分化。【Objective】Castanea henryi is a chestnut species belonging to the family of Fagaceae. As one of the important nuts and woody oil species in south China, C. henryi is of significant academic, econimic and ecological values. One of the problems in the production of this nut is that the tree produces too many male flowers and too few female flowers with low production and thus low economic benefits, which has become a bottleneck restrict in C. henryi industry in China. C. henryi flower buds can be mixed flower buds or male flower buds. Female flowers are borne on the base of the mixed flower buds, while male flower buds produce only male flowers. Therefore, the study of C. henryi flower bud differentiation, especially mixed flower bud differentiation, is of great significance. This paper aims to find out the nutrition physiology of bud differentiation in C. henryi so as to provide theoretical basis for artificial regulation of bud differentiation.【Methods】‘Huali 4＇was used as the tested materials. Paraffin section method was used to clarify and definite differentiation process in young floral shoot tip and analyze carbohydrates（soluble sugars and starch）, soluble proteins, mineral elements（N, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe and zinc） and the dynamics of C/N in buds of various types. Materials were flower buds and leaf bus from the bearing branches from 7 year old trees of C. henryi under routine management in the experimental field located in Central South Univer-sity of Forestry and Technology, Chenzhou, Hunan, China. Strong mixed flower buds from the trees were collected. 24 h after treatment in FAA fixation solution, the bud samples were subject to ethanol dehydration steps, xylol clearing, paraffin infiltration and embedding. Sections were cut using a Lecias paraffin microtome. After staining with hematoxylin dye, the sections were observed under a digital microscope（BX-51）. Soluble sugar and starch contents in flower buds and leaf buds were analyzed with anthrone colorimetry method, and soluble protei

关 键 词：锥栗 花芽分化 碳水化合物 可溶性蛋白 矿质元素 C/N 

分 类 号：S664.2[农业科学—果树学]