花期叶面喷施B和Ca对油橄榄完全花比率和坐果率的影响  

Effects of foliar application of boron and calcium on perfect flower rate and fruit setting rate in olive

作　　者：汪加魏[1] 李毓琦[1] 施侃侃[1] 张东升[2] 马履一[1] 张燕 贾忠奎[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学省部共建森林培育与保护重点实验室,北京100083 [2]新疆林业科学院,乌鲁木齐830000 [3]陇南市气象局,甘肃武都746000

出　　处：《果树学报》2017年第8期1016-1024,共9页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：林业公益性行业科研专项经费"高产优质油橄榄高效培育与加工利用关键技术研究"(201204410);国家林业局;财政部重大专项油橄榄"林油一体"产业化项目(2130221)

摘　　要：【目的】在油橄榄花期叶面喷施硼和钙肥,研究叶面喷施硼、钙及硼-钙交互作用对油橄榄完全花和坐果率的影响。【方法】选甘肃陇南主栽的3个油橄榄品种(‘莱星’‘鄂植8’‘城固32’),采用完全正交试验,在花期前、中、后分别喷施不同浓度硼和钙的叶面肥,调查完全花比率和坐果率,并观察了硼和钙对花粉萌发的影响。【结果】花期叶面喷施硼和钙对各品种油橄榄完全花及坐果率的交互影响均不显著。但‘鄂植8’和‘城固32’在0.10%的硼酸因素下,完全花比率较对照分别提高了8.9%和11.5%;‘城固32’在0.05%的硼浓度下的坐果率较对照提高了154.2%;‘鄂植8’和‘城固32’在0.00%、0.25%的钙浓度处理下,其坐果率均显著高于更高浓度的处理,高浓度的钙反而对果实坐果率有显著抑制作用;‘莱星’的处理间差异均不显著。培养基50~75 mg·L^(-1)的硼酸对油橄榄花粉萌发促进作用最好,而培养基添加钙则抑制花粉萌发,且硼和钙存在一定的拮抗作用,因此高浓度的钙不利于油橄榄花受精和果实坐果。【结论】油橄榄不同品种对花期喷施硼和钙的响应程度不同,适量的硼(0.5%~1.0%)对油橄榄开花坐果有促进作用,而高浓度硼(大于1.00%)和高浓度钙(大于0.25%)均不利于油橄榄开花坐果,在油橄榄花期的叶面施肥中应谨慎使用外源高浓度钙。【Objective】Boron and calcium are the essential microelements in the reproductive stage of ol-ive. Both of them may affect the development of flower primordium, pollen germination. Therefore the foli-ar fertilization of boron and calcium plays crucial role on flowering and fruit setting of olive. In this studywe examined the effect of foliage fertilization of boron and calcium with varied concentrations and the re-ciprocal action between them on perfect flower and fruit setting of olive. In addition, how pollen germina-tion influence fruit setting was also studied.【Methods】Foliar fertilization of boron（H_3BO_3） and calcium[Ca（HCO_3）_2] with different concentrations was applied to olive branches through spraying during the wholeperiod of anthesis. A utterly orthogonal test was designed between H_3BO_3（5 concentration levels of 0.20%,0.15%, 0.10%, 0.05%, 0.00%） and Ca（HCO_3）_2（calculated by Ca O, 5 concentration levels of 1.50%,1.00%, 0.50%, 0.25%, 0.00%） in three olive cultivars（‘EZ-8＇,‘Leccino＇,‘CG-32＇） which with thesame anthesis period of time in Longnan city of Gansu province. All trees chosen in the same olive or-chard have similar cultivation conditions（15 years old, 3 trees per cultivar）. Twenty five standard branch-es were selected randomly in middle to upper part of each tree without interplay among them. Foliar fertil-ization were carried out separately in pre-anthesis（3^（th） May）, anthesis（9thMay） and post-anthesis（21^（th） May） in 2013. Each branch is around 20 cm of length and 0.5-1.5 cm of diameter on which has about 1000 flowers growing on over 10 inflorescences. The microscopic observation-medium method was used tostudy pollen germination of olive（pollen germination rate and length of pollen tube） under different con-centrations of boron and calcium. A test of medium is agar（0.5%） ＋ sucrose（10%） ＋ H_3BO_3（0, 25, 50, 75 or 100 mg·L^（-1））, B test of medium is agar（0.5%） ＋ sucrose（10%） ＋ H_3BO_3（50

关 键 词：油橄榄 叶面施肥 硼 钙 完全花比率 坐果率 花粉萌发 

分 类 号：S667.5[农业科学—果树学]