苹果褐腐病拮抗毛壳菌的筛选及鉴定  

Screening and identification of antagonistic Chaetomium spp. against Monilinia fructigena

作　　者：岳海梅[1,2] 庄华[3] 巩文峰[1] 张新军 

机构地区：[1]西藏农牧学院植物科学学院,西藏林芝860000 [2]中国农业大学植物保护学院,北京100193 [3]西北农林科技大学植物保护学院.旱区作物逆境生物学国家重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [4]西藏高原生态研究所,西藏林芝860000

出　　处：《果树学报》2017年第8期1025-1032,共8页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31360006);旱区作物逆境生物学国家重点实验室开放基金课题(CSBAA2016006)

摘　　要：【目的】筛选适合于防治苹果褐腐病(Monilinia fructigena)的生防毛壳菌,为苹果采后病害的生物防治提供潜在的菌株材料。【方法】选择4株毛壳菌,采用平板对峙法测量抑菌率和抑菌带宽度;通过生防毛壳菌发酵粗提物检测其抑菌活性强弱;通过离体接种苹果果实比较毛壳菌的控病作用。结合形态学特征和核糖体基因内转录间隔区(r DNA-ITS)序列对抑菌活性强的毛壳菌菌株进行鉴定。【结果】供试的4株毛壳菌中,菌株24-9在平板对峙试验、发酵粗提物抑菌试验和离体接种试验中均表现出稳定而较强的抑菌活性,通过形态学特征和核糖体基因内转录间隔区(rDNA-ITS)序列构建系统发育树,将菌株24-9鉴定为球毛壳菌Chaetomium globosum。【结论】该生防毛壳菌菌株可用于开发苹果采后病害生防制剂,提高植物抗性,丰富我国苹果采后病害的生防菌资源库。【Objective】Monilinia fructigena is a common disease in the late growth and storage period of apples. It can cause decay of apple fruit and directly affect its economic value. At present, chemical fungicides are used to prevent and cure them, and long-term use of chemical fungicide pathogens produce drug resistance, while pesticide residues will pollute the environment, break the ecological balance, and also affect human health. Chaetomium spp. is a type of fungus with biocontrol potential, and there is no biological control on the brown rot of apples. In order to enrich the biocontrol strains of postharvest diseases of apple trees in China, a series of experiments were carried out to isolate Chaetomium spp. from different substrates in Tibet.【Methods】Inhibitory effect of Chaetomium spp. against M. fructigena was determined by performing an intra-plate antagonistic test. The biocontrol of Chaetomium spp. and M. fructigena were inoculated on PDA plates, respectively. The biocontrol agent was located 4.5 cm apart from the pathogen.The growth radius of M. fructigena and the growth radius of M. fructigena fungus were treated respectively at a temperature of 28 ℃ for 10 days, and the inhibitory rate was calculated. The inhibitory rate of the crude extract of Chaetomium spp. on M. fructigena was determined by using the drilling method. Under aseptic condition, M. fructigena was inoculated in the center of the PDA plate, four holes were punched at a 4.5 cm distance from the pathogen using a 6 mm diameter sterile punch respectively, two holes into the200 mg·L-1crude wool crude extract of dilution, negative control solution or positive control solution of150 μL, using the mycelial growth rate method, respectively. The antimicrobial activity of the crude ex-tracts of Chaetomium spp. against M. fructigena was determined on the 5th day, the 7th day and the 9thday. The in vitro inoculation method was used to determine the control effect of the fermentation liquid of Chaetomium spp. on M. fructigena. The apples were

关 键 词：苹果褐腐病 生防毛壳菌 筛选 鉴定 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学] S436.6[农业科学—园艺学]