经济学实验的内部有效性和外部有效性——与朱富强先生商榷  

The Internal Validity and External Validity of Economic Experiments—— A Discussion with Mr. Zhu Fuqiang

作　　者：杜宁华[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海财经大学经济学院,副教授上海200433

出　　处：《学术月刊》2017年第8期80-87,共8页Academic Monthly

摘　　要：朱富强近期对应用于市场设计的经济学实验提出了质疑和批评,认为双盲设计等实验设计手段的目的是人为地使实验结果更接近理论预测,并指出:"……使得实验的博弈情境尽可能地接近现实环境,这是实验经济学和行为经济学的基本要求和发展方向。"(1)上述观点是对实验设计方法的误读。实验的价值恰恰就在于它有别于现实:与现实环境相比,实验环境的优势是对无关因素的"控制",从而保证研究结论的内部有效性。内部有效性得到验证之后,再通过其他实证手段逐步验证市场机制的外部有效性。从理论,到实验室实验,再到实地实验,最后进行社会推广并通过"事前事后分析"等观察性实证方法最终评价市场设计的效果,是市场设计的理想实践路径。Zhu Fuqiang （2016） criticized the methodology of economic experiments for market design. The author claimed that ＂because of the construction of double-blind settings that is similar with economic man, the experimental results achieved by game theory experts usually confirm the thinking logic and corresponding theories of modern mainstream economics＂. The author also claimed that ＂the game context of experiments will be as close as possible to the real environment, which is the basic requirement and development direction of experimental and behavioral economics＂. However, without the experimental controls such as double-blind settings one cannot achieve internal validity, i.e., the estimated impact of an institution is due to the institution only. By following the path of setting up the theoretical model, conducting lab experiments and field experiments to test the theory, and implementing pre-post evaluation of in real business practice, one can finally assess the external validity of a new institution.

关 键 词：经济实验 内部有效性 外部有效性 

分 类 号：F01[经济管理—政治经济学]