中国马遗传多样性与起源分化研究进展  

Research progress of the genetic diversity and origin differentiation of Chinese horses

作　　者：袁珂蒙 严达伟[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学动物科学技术学院,昆明650201 [2]云南省动物营养与饲料重点实验室,昆明650201

出　　处：《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2017年第8期55-58,共4页Heilongjiang Animal Science And veterinary Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31560617)

摘　　要：动植物驯化是现代社会的创新,因此研究种群起源对理解文明变迁有着重要意义。马在交通和战争领域中的突出作用在很多情况改变着社会环境。根据考古资料和毛色资料表明,马最早可能在5 000年前欧亚大陆被驯化,同时也有线粒体DNA数据说明马有多个母系起源。马的驯化事件并不是一个单一的离散事件,这不能排除马在中国驯化的可能性。中国马起源问题现在有两种解释:可能是在欧亚大陆被驯化后蔓延到我国北方的邻国;以及中国本土的野马被驯化,中国可能是马起源地之一。但是,关于马的驯化问题目前还没有准确解释。为了弄清楚中国马的起源,还需要进一步研究中国马和外国马之间的关系。The domestication of animals and plants is an innovation of modem society. Studying origin of the species population is of great signif- icance to understand the changes of civilization. The prominent role of horses in transport and warfare has changed social environment on a large scale. Archaeological data and coat color variations indicate that horses were probably first domesticated in the Eurasian continent around 5 000 years ago,while the mitochondrial DNA data suggests that there are multiple maternal origins of horses. The domestication of horses is not a sin- gle discrete event, and it cannot rule out the possibility of domestication of horses in China. There are two explanations for the origin of＇the Chi- nese horses： it may be spread to neighboring countries in northern China after domesticated in the Eurasian continent, and the Chinese native wild horses were domesticated, while China may be one of the principal origins of horses in the world. However, when and wherehorses were domesticated still remains elusive. In order to clarify the origins of Chinese horses, it is necessary to further study the relationship between Chi- nese horses and foreign horses. This paper will trace the origins of the Chinese horse based on different perspectives.

关 键 词：马 起源 驯化 遗传多样性 线粒体DNA 

分 类 号：S821.2[农业科学—畜牧学]