三峡水库支流库湾水体富营养化及水华机理研究进展  

Mechanism of eutrophication and phytoplankton blooms in Three Gorges Reservoir,China:A research review

作　　者：杨正健[1,2] 俞焰[3] 陈钊[3] 马骏[1] YANG Zhengjian YU Yan CHEN Zhao MA Jun(School of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Environment, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China Key Laboratory of Ecological Remediation for Lake ~ River and Alga Resource Utilization, Wuhan 430068, China Engineering Research Center of Eco-environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China)

机构地区：[1]湖北工业大学土木建筑与环境学院,湖北武汉430068 [2]河湖生态修复与藻类利用湖北省重点实验室,湖北武汉430068 [3]三峡大学三峡库区生态环境教育部工程研究中心,湖北宜昌443002

出　　处：《武汉大学学报（工学版）》2017年第4期507-516,共10页Engineering Journal of Wuhan University

基　　金：973计划前期研究课题(编号:2014CB460601);国家自然科学基金项目(编号:51509086);国家国际合作项目(编号:2014DFE70070)

摘　　要：水体富营养化及水华问题已成为三峡水库蓄水以来最主要的水环境问题,弄清水华生消机理并提出有效防控措施已成为三峡水库运行管理的重要工作.结合国内外相关研究现状,分析了大坝建设诱导水华的主要机制,总结了三峡水库水华生消研究成果,阐述了藻类水华生消机理及影响因素.结果表明,三峡水库蓄水后支流库湾最大变化是产生了分层异重流,由分层异重流导致的水体分层是藻类水华暴发的主要诱因,"临界层理论"能够很好解释三峡水库支流库湾水华生消过程.鉴于三峡水库目前仍处于发育阶段,建议后期深入开展支流水华预测预报及其水库生态调度防控工作.The phytoplankton blooms in the tributary bays have become the most serious environmental problem in Three Gorge Reservoir （TGR）, China. To understand the mechanism of the algal blooms and find effective methods to control them would be important tasks of the TGR. Here, through summarizing some researches of the impacts of the dams on the ecology around the world： （1） the mechanism to trigger the eutrophication of dams are discussed; （2） the factors to effect the algal blooms and their mechanism are analyzed; and（3）the research works of eutrophication and achievements in the TGR are listed. Different from some other reservoirs in the world, in the TGR, the bidirectional density currents （BDCs） could be the biggest change of the hydrodynamics after the water storage. Special water temperature stratifications caused by the BDCs were the trigger of the algal blooms. Similarly, the ＂critical depth theory＂ is also suit- able to be used to explain the mechanism of the algal blooms in the TGR. However, as the TGR is now under the situation of a preliminary stage, it is suggested doing some further research on the algal blooms prediction and reservoir＇s regulation in the future.

关 键 词：藻类水华 诱发因子 分层异重流 临界层理论 三峡水库 

分 类 号：TV213.9[水利工程—水文学及水资源]