北斗区域卫星导航系统定位性能的纬度效应  

Latitude Effect in Positioning Performance by Using BeiDou Regional Satellite Navigation System

作　　者：景一帆 杨元喜 曾安敏[1,2,4] 明锋 JING Yifan YANG Yuanxi ZENGAnmin MING Feng(Institute of Navigation and Space Target Engineering, Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou 450050, China State Key Laboratory of Geo-information Engineering, Xi＇an 710054, China Beijing Institute of Satellite Navigation, Beijing 100049, China Xi＇an Research Institute of Surveying and Mapping, Xi＇an 710054, China)

机构地区：[1]信息工程大学导航与空天目标工程学院,河南郑州450000 [2]地理信息工程国家重点实验室,陕西西安710054 [3]北京卫星导航中心,北京100049 [4]西安测绘研究所,陕西西安710054

出　　处：《武汉大学学报（信息科学版）》2017年第9期1243-1248,共6页Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41020144004;41474015;41374003);地理信息工程国家重点实验室开放研究基金项目(SKLGIE2015-Z-1-1)~~

摘　　要：与全球定位系统(global positioning system,GPS)不同,北斗区域卫星导航系统(BeiDou navigation satellite system,BDS)采用了5颗地球静止轨道卫星、5颗倾斜地球同步轨道卫星和4颗中圆轨道卫星的混合星座,星座分布不均匀。特殊星座决定了不同纬度地区用户的可见卫星数量和观测几何结构存在明显差异,用户的导航定位性能存在明显的纬度效应。分别从理论模型和实际观测两个方面对不同纬度地区用户的可见卫星数目、观测几何结构和导航定位性能进行较全面分析,使用了多家厂商的接收机,在不同纬度地区进行了GPS、BDS以及两系统融合定位试验。结果表明,BDS定位性能存在明显的纬度效应,即定位精度随纬度升高而降低;GPS导航定位性能没有明显的纬度效应;BDS/GPS数据融合可以减弱纬度效应,提高导航定位服务的精度和可靠性。The Beidou Regional Satellite Navigation System （BDS） has an uneven distributed constellation, containing five satellites in geostationary earth orbit, five in inclined geosynchronous orbits and four in medium earth orbits. With this hybrid constellation, the quantity and the geometrical structure of observed BDS satellites are different at different latitudes. The latitude effect in BDS application performance of positioning and navigation; In this paper, theoretical models and actual observations are described to analyze the difference in quantity and geometrical structure of observed BDS satellites and the performance of positioning and navigation at different latitudes. An experiment was conducted at different latitudes with receivers from separate companies. The result shows the latitude effect and impact in BDS applications, which means BDS positioning accuracy decreases with increasedlatitude . In contrast, there is no obvious latitude effect in Global Positioning System （GPS） applications. The implementation of BDS/GPS data fusion weakens latitudinal impacts on the results and improves the accuracy and reliability of navigation and positioning services.

关 键 词：BDS 纬度效应 定位性能 融合定位 

分 类 号：P228[天文地球—大地测量学与测量工程]