不同小麦品种产量和氮素吸收利用的差异  

Differences of Grain Yield,Nitrogen Uptake and Utilization Efficiency of Different Wheat Varieties

作　　者：王晓婧[1] 代兴龙[1] 马鑫[1] 董述鑫 张秀[1] 初金鹏[1] 贺明荣[1] 

机构地区：[1]作物生物学国家重点实验室/农业部作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室/山东农业大学农学院,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2017年第8期1065-1071,共7页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300400);国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2015CB150404)

摘　　要：为明确不同氮肥水平下不同小麦品种产量、氮素吸收和利用的差异,在大田条件下,以山东省主推的21个小麦品种为材料,研究了0、120、180、240和300kg·hm^(-2)共5个氮肥水平下不同小麦品种的产量、氮素利用率、氮素吸收效率和氮素利用效率等指标。结果表明,氮肥、品种及两者的互作效应显著影响冬小麦籽粒产量、氮素利用率、氮素吸收效率和利用效率;氮肥水平不同则品种间的氮效率差异程度不同。大部分供试品种的氮效率类型在不同氮肥水平下的聚类结果不一致,仅临麦4号、鲁原502、泰山28和山农25在各氮肥水平下的产量、氮素利用率均较高,可划为氮高效品种。氮高效品种达到高氮效率的途径不同,临麦4号通过高氮素吸收效率、泰山28通过高氮素利用效率、鲁原502和山农25通过氮素吸收效率和利用效率共同作用实现氮高效。由此可知,应在不同氮肥水平下对冬小麦品种进行产量和氮素利用率的综合评价,以筛选出适应不同地力环境的品种和与品种特性相适应的施肥技术;在氮高效品种的选育和推广中,应针对不同小麦品种的氮素吸收和利用特性进行鉴别和调控,才能最大程度挖掘和利用其高产、高效潜力,实现增产增效。This study aimed to clarify the differences of grain yield,nitrogen use efficiency（NUE）, ni- trogen uptake efficiency（UPE） and utilization efficiency（UTE） of different wheat varieties under dif- ferent nitrogen levels. The field experiment was conducted at 0,120,180,240 and 300 kg N hm-2 levels using 21 winter wheat varieties, which were mainly implemented in Shandong province. The differences in grain yield, NUE, UPE and UTE of different wheat varieties under different nitrogen levels were analyzed. The results showed that the nitrogen levels, varieties and their interaction had significant effect on the grain yield, NUE, UPE, and UTE. The nitrogen efficiency of most varieties significantly changed on the different nitrogen levels. Most of the tested varieties were different at the different nitrogen levels according to the clustering results. However,the grain yield and NUE of Lin- mai 4,Luyuan 502,Taishan 28 and Shannong 25 were higher than those of other varieties under each nitrogen level. Therefore,these four varieties can be classified as high NUE varieties. But the path- way to achieve high NUE was different among the four high NUE varieties. The high NUE of Linmai 4 was mainly attributed to the high UPE, while that of Taishan 28 was attributed to the high UTE.Both UPE and UTE of Luyuan 502 and Shannong 25 were at the middle level. In conclusion,the grain yield and NUE of different winter wheat varieties should be evaluated synthetically under different ni- trogen levels. In this way, the selected varieties could be able to adapt the different soil environments, and to design the relative fertilization technology. In the selection and popularization of high NUE va- rieties, it is necessary to identify and regulate the nitrogen uptake and utilization ability, both of which would highly ensure the potential of high yield and NUE for varieties.

关 键 词：小麦 氮素利用率 产量 氮素吸收效率 氮素利用效率 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S311