微藻油脂合成与调控的生化及基因工程研究进展  

The Research Advances on Microalgae Lipid Synthesis and Regulation by Biochemical and Genetic Engineering

作　　者：孙配配 范成明[2] 陈宇红[2] 杨太有[1] 胡赞民[2,3] Sun Peipei Fan Chengming Chen Yuhong Yang Taiyou Hu Zanmin(College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007 Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101)

机构地区：[1]河南师范大学生命科学学院,新乡453007 [2]中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所,北京100101 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100101

出　　处：《分子植物育种》2017年第7期2628-2635,共8页Molecular Plant Breeding

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31570365;21306222)资助

摘　　要：微藻可作为一种新型的生物柴油原料。对微藻油脂积累和代谢调控的了解有助于利用微藻生产生物柴油。本研究综述了生化工程及基因工程对微藻油脂合成与调控的研究进展,包括营养控制、光照、温度等对微藻油脂积累的影响;脂肪酸、三酰甘油合成过程中一些关键酶基因及转录因子的遗传操作在微藻油脂合成和积累过程中的作用等。氮营养缺乏是生化工程中最有效的提高微藻含油量的方法;参与脂肪酸、三酰甘油合成过程中的关键酶,如乙酰辅酶A羧化酶、甘油-3-磷酸脱氢酶、二脂酰甘油酰基转移酶一些关键酶基因及转录因子Dof4、bHLH的遗传操作都能大幅提高微藻油脂含量。对微藻油脂代谢的研究前景做了进一步的展望。Microalgae can be used as a new type of biodiesel feedstock. The understanding of microalgae lipid accumulation and metabolism regulation would be helpful for the production of biodiesel from microalgae. In this review we described the research advances of biochemical engineering and genetic engineering on lipid synthesis and regulation of microalgae, including the effects of nutrient control, light and temperature on the lipid accumulation of microalgae; and the effect of genetic operation of genes encoding some key enzymes and transcription factors involved in fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis on the microalgae lipid synthesis and accumulation process. Nitrogen nutrition is one of the most effective methods to increase the oil content of microalgae in biochemical engineering; and the genetic operation of genes encoding some key enzymes, such as Acetyl-CoA carboxylase, glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, diacylglycerol acyltransferase and transcription factors Dof4 and bHLH involved in fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis can significantly enhance the microalgae lipid synthesis and accumulation. The further research prospects on the microalgae lipid metabolism were proposed.

关 键 词：微藻 油脂合成 生理生化调节 基因工程技术 转录因子工程 

分 类 号：Q943.2[生物学—植物学]