冬小麦受旱减产规律及产量与水关系模型研究  

Reduction in Yield of Winter Wheat Caused by Droughts and Its Water-yield Relationship

作　　者：曹成[1] 汤广民[1] 

机构地区：[1]安徽省·水利部淮委水利科学研究院,水利水资源安徽省重点实验室,安徽蚌埠233000

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2017年第8期13-17,共5页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：水利部公益性行业科研专项经费项目(200901026)

摘　　要：以淮北平原地区常用小麦品种冠35为试验材料,采用测坑进行冬小麦受旱试验,研究了不同受旱等级条件下的减产规律,构建了产量与水分关系模型。结果表明,冬小麦需水非关键期和关键期土壤水分对产量影响的总趋势均是产量随着土壤水分的降低即受旱程度的增大而下降,轻旱、中旱、重旱减产率分别为4.4%、8.1%、8.6%和6.2%、6.9%、11.2%;冬小麦在拔节期和抽穗—灌浆期对水分亏缺较为敏感,敏感指数分别为0.175 2和0.084 9,乳熟期与分蘖期对水分亏缺敏感程度较低,敏感指数分别为0.003 2和0.066 2。水分亏缺对冬小麦产量影响最大的阶段为抽穗灌浆期,而此阶段也正是小麦耗水强度最大期。Using the Guan 35 winter wheat as a model plant, we investigated the impact of drought on yield re- duction in the wheat grown in a lysimeter, as well as its water-yield relationship. The results showed that the yield of the wheat reduced when soil moisture decreased in both its critical and noncritical growth stages. A slight drought reduced the yield by 4.4%, while a moderate and severe drought could lead to a yield reduction by 8.1% and 8.6% respectively when the drought occurred at noncritical growth stage. In contrast, a slight, moderate or se- vere drought occurring at critical growth stage could give rise to a yield reduction by 6.2%, 6.9% and 11.2% re- spectively. It was also found that the wheat was more sensitive to water deficit occurring at the jointing and the heading-filling stages, with their associated sensitivity index being 0.175 2 and 0.084 9 respectively, than occur- ring at the milking and the tillering stages, with their associated index being 0.003 2 and 0.066 2 respectively. The wheat at heading-filling stage, also the highest water-demanding stage, was most sensitive to drought.

关 键 词：受旱 减产规律 模型 冬小麦 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]