氮肥管理对秸秆全量还田双季晚稻土壤固定态铵的影响  

Effects of nitrogen management on soil fixed NH_4^+ in double-rice system with all rice straw returned to the field

作　　者：顾敏京 左文刚[1] 严漪云 臧彩云 薛伟杰[1] 柏彦超[1] 单玉华[1] 封克[1] GU Minjing ZUO Wengang YAN Yiyun ZANG Caiyun XUE Weijie BAI Yanchao SHAN Yuhua FENG Ke(Coil of Enviro Sci and Eng / J iangsu Co- Inno Cen for Solid Org Waste Res Uti , Yangzhou Univ, Yangzhou 225009, Chin)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学环境科学与工程学院/江苏省有机固体废弃物资源化协同创新中心,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《扬州大学学报（农业与生命科学版）》2017年第2期69-74,81,共7页Journal of Yangzhou University：Agricultural and Life Science Edition

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(973-2013CB127404);江苏省农业科技支撑计划项目(BE2013360;BE2014345)

摘　　要：以南方双季稻系统为研究对象,探讨秸秆全量还田条件下氮肥管理策略对晚稻不同生育阶段土壤固定态铵的影响,并分析土壤固定态铵固定和释放与晚稻产量及氮肥利用率的关系。结果表明:在不施氮肥情况下,秸秆还田降低土壤固定态铵含量,但秸秆还田同时配施氮肥可以显著提高土壤固定态铵含量;氮肥减施处理中,SRN2(基、追肥比为6∶4)处理的土壤固定态铵含量在晚稻生长期间始终最高;使用秸秆促腐菌剂在一定程度上导致土壤固定态铵含量降低。在晚稻生长期内,土壤固定态铵呈先下降后上升,至成熟期后再次下降的趋势,且整体呈下降趋势。在返青期至烤田期以及灌浆期至成熟期,土壤固定态铵变化量和变化率均与晚稻产量存在显著的负相关;晚稻全生育期土壤固定态铵变化量与氮肥利用率呈显著的正相关。在该试验条件下,SRN1(基、追肥比为4∶6)处理的氮肥管理策略更符合晚稻养分需求规律,在稳定产量的同时可提高氮肥利用率。Soil fixed NH4^＋ is an important component of soil nitrogen pool,and its release and fixation contributes to soil effective N supply.In this study,the effects of nitrogen management on soil fixed NH4^＋ in double-rice system with all rice straw returned to the field was investigated and the relationship between change of soil fixed NH4^＋ during late rice growth period on grain yield and nitrogen recovery of late rice was analyzed.The results showed that,returning of rice straw without N application decreased fixed NH4^＋ ammonium content,but fixed NH4^＋ content was significantly elevated by applying nitrogen under returning of rice straw.Compared with other treatments with reduce N application,the treatment of RN2 displayed the highest fixed NH4^＋ content.Microbial inoculant application led to a decline of soil fixed NH4^＋ .During the growth period of late rice,the soil fixed NH4^＋ ammonium decreased at early stage,increased at mid-stage and declined again in the mature period.However,the content of soil fixed NH4^＋ at harvest was lower than that in early stage,which indicated that the release of fixed NH4^＋ contributed to soil effective N supply.Changes of fixed NH4^＋ both in content and rate during tillering and grain filling showed significant negative correlation with grain yield of late rice,and there was a significant positive correlation between change of soil fixed NH4^＋ content in the whole growth period and nitrogen recovery of late rice.In conclusion,with full returning of rice straw,the treatment of RN1 stabilized the grain yield and increased the N recovery because of its accordance with late rice growth.

关 键 词：水稻 土壤固定态铵 秸秆全量还田 氮肥管理 产量 氮肥利用率 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学] S157.4