氮肥运筹对秸秆全量还田双季稻氮产量及氮素吸收利用的影响  

Effects of nitrogen management on grain yield and nitrogen use of double cropping rice system with all rice straw returned to the field

作　　者：左文刚 黄顾林 陈亚斯 朱晓雯 沈袁玲 柏彦超 单玉华 封克 ZUO Wengang HUANG Gulin CHEN Yasi ZHU Xiaowen SHEN Yuanling BAI Yanchao SHAN Yuhua FENG Ke(Jiangsu Co-Inno Cen for Solid Orga Was Res Uti, Yangzhou Univ, Yangzhou 225009, Chin)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学江苏省有机固体废弃物资源化协同创新中心,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《扬州大学学报（农业与生命科学版）》2017年第2期75-81,共7页Journal of Yangzhou University：Agricultural and Life Science Edition

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(973-2013CB127404);江苏省农业科技支撑计划项目(BE2013360;BE2014345)

摘　　要：以南方双季稻系统为研究对象,研究稻草全量还田条件下不同氮肥运筹策略对早稻及晚稻产量和氮素吸收利用的影响。结果表明:稻草全量还田条件下,与当地习惯施氮量相比,氮肥减施(早稻约18%,晚稻约15%)并不显著影响早稻及晚稻的产量;与当地农民习惯施氮量相比,氮肥减施处理可提高晚稻的氮素积累。在施氮量相同的情况下,氮肥适当后移有利于早稻及晚稻对氮素的吸收。早稻及晚稻减氮施肥处理的氮肥利用率均高于习惯施肥处理,氮肥后移有利于早稻及晚稻氮肥利用率的提高。稻草全量还田条件下,适当减氮并加大追肥比例既能稳定双季稻产量,又能促进稻株氮素吸收,提高氮肥利用率。使用秸秆促腐菌剂可进一步提高水稻对氮素的吸收利用。Returning in full amount to field is the key way to realize recycling of crop straws.However,considerable change of effective nitrogen supply dynamic occurs in the soil with all crop straw returning,which may affect crop yield and nitrogen efficiency.In this study,the effects of nitrogen management on yield and nitrogen utilization in double cropping rice system with full rice straw returning were investigated to formulate nitrogen application strategy for early and late rice.The results showed that,under full returning of rice straw,recommended N（RN）treatments reduced grain yield of early rice due to the decline in number of spikelets per panicle and 1000-grain-weight,but yield difference between RN and FN treatment was not significant.Meanwhile,grain yield of late rice with RN treatments was more stable than that of early rice with the same treatments.RN combined with higher topdressing ratio,namely RN4∶6 in this experiment improved nitrogen accumulation by rice plant and elevated nitrogen recovery in both early and late rice.These effects were more apparent when microbial inoculant was used.In conclusion,with full returning of rice straw,moderate nitrogen fertilizer reduction and higher topdressing ratio can improve nitrogen uptake by rice plant and nitrogen recovery without significant yield loss in double rice cropping system.Microbial inoculant may help to stabilize rice yield.

关 键 词：双季稻 稻草全量还田 氮素运筹 产量 氮肥利用 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学] S365