氮锌配施对烤烟氮、锌积累及品质的影响  

Effect of Combined Application of Nitrogen and Zn on Nitrogen and Zn Accumulation and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco

作　　者：姚倩[1] 张珂[1] 马一琼[1] 穆童[1] 张艺洁 许自成[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学烟草学院,河南郑州450002

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2017年第8期38-45,共8页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：中国烟草总公司河南省公司重点科技攻关项目(HYKJ201405)

摘　　要：为确定烤烟生产中合理的氮锌配比,以豫烟10号为材料,设置75.0(高氮)、52.5(中氮)、30.0(低氮)kg/hm23个氮水平和16.330(高锌)、8.165(低锌)kg/hm22个锌水平,共高氮高锌(HH)、高氮低锌(HL)、中氮高锌(MH)、中氮低锌(ML)、低氮高锌(LH)、低氮低锌(LL)6个处理,研究了氮锌配施对烟田土壤酶活性,烤烟不同部位氮、锌含量及烟叶品质的影响。结果表明:烤烟成熟期,ML处理烤烟根际土壤酸性磷酸酶、蛋白酶、过氧化氢酶活性均最高,分别较最低值处理(LH、LL、MH处理)高71.43%、86.96%、9.38%。随着施氮量的增加,烤烟总氮含量升高;施氮量相同时,烟叶总氮的分配比例为HH>HL、MH>ML、LH>LL,根中总氮的分配比例则相反,表明高锌促进氮素向叶片转移,低锌促进氮素向根中转移。随着施锌量的增加,烤烟锌含量升高;在高锌条件下,烟叶中锌的分配比例为LH>MH>HH;低锌条件下,烟叶中锌的分配比例为ML>LL>HL,说明高锌低氮条件下促进锌向烟叶转移,低锌中氮条件下促进锌向烟叶转移。烤后烟叶以ML、LH处理糖碱比较为适宜,香气物质含量较高,分别较HH处理高31.56%、16.64%。总的看来,氮锌配施以中氮低锌和低氮高锌处理烟叶综合品质较好。In order to determine the reasonable ratio of nitrogen and Zn in flue-cured tobacco production, we set three nitrogen levels,namely 75.0（high nitrogen） ,52. 5（medium nitrogen） ,and 30. 0（low nitrogen） kg/ha,and set two Zn levels, namely 16. 330 （high zinc） ,8. 165 （low zinc）kg/ha. A total of 6 treatments were high nitrogen and high Zn（HH） , high nitrogen and low Zn（HL） , medium nitrogen and high Zn （MH） , medium nitrogen and low Zn （ ML） , low nitrogen and high Zn （ LH ） , low nitrogen and low Zn （LL） . The effects of combined application of nitrogen and Zn on the activity of soil enzyme,the content of nitrogen and Zn and quality of different parts of flue-cured tobacco were studied with the material of Yuyan 10. The results showed that at the mature stage of flue-cured tobacco, the activities of acid phosphatase, protease and catalase in rhizosphere soil of flue-cured tobacco of ML treatment were the highest,which were 71.43% , 86. 96% and 9. 38% higher than the LH,LL,MH treatments. With the increase of nitrogen application amount, the total nitrogen content was increased in flue-cured tobacco, and under the same nitrogen condition,the distribution rate of total nitrogen in tobacco leaves was HH 〉 HL, MH 〉 ML, LH 〉 LL, and the distribution rate was the opposite in root, which indicated that the high Zn promoted the transfer of nitrogen to the leaf, whereas low Zn promoted the transfer of nitrogen to the root. With the increase of Zn application amount,the Zn content was increased in flue-cured tobacco. Under the condition of high Zn,the Zn distribution rate was LH 〉 MH 〉 HH,and under the condition of low Zn,the Zn distribution rate was ML 〉 LL 〉 HL. The results showed that low nitrogen and high Zn promoted the transfer of Zn to tobacco leaves, medium nitrogen and low Zn promoted the transfer of Zn to tobacco leaves. There were two treatments gave higher aroma substances content in tobacco, which were ML and LH treatments, increased by 3 1 . 56%

关 键 词：烤烟 氮锌配施 土壤酶 氮含量 锌含量 烟叶品质 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]