繁殖期白枕鹤的自然育幼行为初探  

Nursing Behavior of Natural Breeding White-Naped Crane in Breeding Season

作　　者：徐婧[1] 张小艳[1] 张昕茹[2] 何相宝[2] 田秀华[1] 李夏莎 张宇[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学野生动物资源学院,哈尔滨150040 [2]哈尔滨北方森林动物园,哈尔滨150322

出　　处：《野生动物学报》2017年第3期434-440,共7页CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE

基　　金：东北林业大学大学生创新实验项目(项目号:201610225078)资助

摘　　要：2016年6~9月,采用扫描取样法(scan sampling)和目标取样法(focal sampling)对哈尔滨北方森林动物园内的雌雄1对白枕鹤的自然育幼行为进行了观察和记录,得出了繁殖期白枕鹤自然育幼的行为规律。结果为:觅食22.82%;护理19.67%;静栖13.32%;游走19.72%;眺望13.61%;鸣叫6.53%;打斗1.21%;展翅2.61%;护雏0.41%。在育幼期,雄鹤的鸣叫行为显著高于雌鹤,雌鹤的护理、静栖及护雏行为高于雄鹤;雏鹤的静栖行为逐渐减少,眺望行为逐渐增加,且静栖行为显著高于成鹤,成鹤的眺望行为显著高于雏鹤。随着白枕鹤日龄的增长,成鹤的游走、眺望行为显著增加,静栖行为显著减少;雏鹤的游走、眺望行为显著增加,且在9月开始鸣叫行为的表达。本文旨在研究自然条件下白枕鹤繁殖期的育幼行为,呈现了一天中8:00~16:00白枕鹤的行为习惯及生物特性的规律,为白枕鹤的保护研究、动物园的饲养及其野化放生提供重要的资料。From June to September 2016, we investigated the natural breeding behavior of a breeding pair of white - naped crane using scan sampling and focal sampling methods at Harbin North Forest Zoo. The time budget was foraging 22.82%, preening 19.67%, resting 13.32%, walking 19. 72%, overlooking 13. 61%, vocalizing 6. 53%, fighting 1.21%, wings 2.61%, and brooding 0. 41%. During the brooding pedod, vocalizing time of males was significantly higher than that of females, preening, resting and brooding time of females was significantly higher than that of males. The resting behavior of nestling cranes decreased gradually while overlooking behavior gradually increased. Resting behavior of nestling cranes was significantly greater than for adults. The overlooki0g behavior of adult crane was significantly greater than that of nestlings. As young cranes matured, walking and overlooking of adult crane increased significantly, and resting behavior reduced significantly. Walking and overlooking of young crane increased significantly. Young crane presented vocalizing behavior in September. In this study, we investigated behavior of white - naped crane under natural conditions from 8 am to 4 pm, to provide information for the conservation of white - naped cranes and for rearing in the zoo and its release.

关 键 词：白枕鹤 繁殖期 育幼行为 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]