人工饲养条件下棕黑锦蛇肾脏形态异常的初步研究  

Morphological Abnormality of Kidney in Artificial Breeding Amur Rat Snake( Elaphe schrenckii)

作　　者：程建鑫[1] 姚晨昊[1] 王珊珊[1] 李丕鹏[1] 陆宇燕[1] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳师范大学两栖爬行动物研究所,辽宁省生物进化与生物多样性重点实验室,沈阳110034

出　　处：《野生动物学报》2017年第3期473-479,共7页CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE

基　　金：国家林业局珍稀濒危物种野外救护与人工繁育项目(No.2130211)

摘　　要：在对人工养殖的棕黑锦蛇体质测量的研究中发现一例蛇肾脏出现形态异常后,应用大体解剖和组织学方法对其进行深入观察,并检测血液指标的变化。肾脏异常表现为2个肾脏形状和大小明显不同,其中左肾明显肥大,肾系数约为正常肾脏的2倍;而右肾则明显萎缩,肾系数仅为正常肾脏的1/6。组织活检表明,左肾实质组织结构基本正常,而右肾实质变得密集,肾单位之间增生有丰富的纤维性结缔组织。此外,2个肾均出现肾小体萎缩、碱性物质沉积等病变。在血液学检测中,肾病蛇的红细胞和血栓细胞数量低于正常蛇,且有显著性差异。19项血液生化指标中有9项与正常蛇有明显差异。观察结果表明左肾的肥大可能是对右肾萎缩的补偿,其组织结构的变化也可能是一定程度上的功能反应。血液学指标的变化是由于这种形态异常引起的生理功能变化所致,说明这条蛇处于疾病状态。尽管对这种肾脏异常的诱因尚不清楚,但应对蛇的饲养管理、食物和营养状态予以足够重视。Dudng the physiometry of captive bred Amur rat snake（ Elaphe schrencldi）, we found a case of morphological abnormality in the kidney. Further examination was conducted by gross anatomical and histological methods and analyzed with hematological and blood biochemistry data. The kidneys of this snake were obviously different in shape and size. Compared to the normal kidney, the left kidney was much enlarged and the renal coefficient was nearly 2 times that of the normal kidney, the right one was atrophic and the renal coefficient was only 1/6 of the normal kidney. By histological examination, the general structure of the left renal parenchyma was normal and that of the fight renal parenchyma was dense and nephron filled with fibroid connective tissue. The re- nal corpuscles were atrophic and deposited with alkaline substance in the right and left kidneys. Comparing to the normal snakes, the number of red blood cells and thrombocytes were lower and 9 of 19 blood biochemical indices differed significantly from those of normal snakes. The results indicated that the left kidney hypertrophy was compensation of the right kidney atrophy and its histological changes were a limited functional response. This kidney abnormality caused the hematological changes and the snake was in disease status. Although the cause of such appearance was not determined, more attention should be paid to husbandry practices, diet and nutrition.

关 键 词：棕黑锦蛇 肾脏 形态异常 疾病 饲养管理 

分 类 号：Q955[生物学—动物学]