深圳市罗湖区珠宝首饰加工企业进行有机溶剂作业场所健康促进干预及其效果评价  

Health promotion intervention and effectiveness evaluation in organic solvents workplace of jewelry processing enterprises in Luohu District of Shenzhen City

作　　者：彭志敏[1] 梁丽霞 林奕嘉[1] 尹强兵[1] 赖璟琪 叶敏[3] 张喜中[1] 池洪城[1] 

机构地区：[1]深圳市罗湖区疾病预防控制中心职业与环境卫生科,广东深圳518020 [2]深圳市罗湖区医院集团湖景社区健康服务中心,广东深圳518020 [3]深圳市罗湖区疾病预防控制中心理化检验科,广东深圳518020

出　　处：《职业与健康》2017年第12期1598-1601,1605,共5页Occupation and Health

基　　金：深圳市罗湖区软科学研究计划项目(深罗科[2013]36号-34)

摘　　要：目的在深圳市罗湖区珠宝首饰加工企业中,我们针对使用有机溶剂的作业场所开展健康促进教育,并对其效果进行评价。方法随机抽取深圳市罗湖区的15家使用有机溶剂的珠宝首饰加工企业,2014—2015年对这些企业进行为期2年的健康促进试点活动。分别对干预前后有机溶剂作业人员的职业卫生知识、态度和行为的变化情况、作业场所化学性职业危害因素的浓度变化以及接触有机溶剂的作业人员职业健康检查的生化指标变化进行统计分析。结果有机溶剂作业人员对有机溶剂的相关职业卫生知识、态度和行为在健康促进后变化显著,除吸烟与饮酒的习惯外均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);从现场检测结果的浓度范围可以看出,乙酸乙酯、二氯甲烷、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、正己烷、丙酮、丁酮、甲醇、异丙醇等项目所检测出的最高浓度在干预后均有所下降(<0.27、11.2~<11、<0.6、1.4~<1.2、<3.3、34.33~<1.3、<6.7、<4.0、5.8~<1.3、20.0~<0.3mg/m3);实施健康促进后接触有机溶剂的作业人员其血常规、血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、心电图和神经系统等指标的差异均无统计学意义(χ2=0.476、0.206、2.534、5.028,P>0.05);尿常规、肝脾B超和血压等指标的差异具有统计学意义(χ2=19.351、16.720、7.600,P<0.05)。结论通过对珠宝首饰加工企业进行有机溶剂作业场所的健康促进这一活动,有效提高有机溶剂作业人员的职业卫生知识的知晓率;改善了从业人员使用有机溶剂的态度和行为;降低了有机溶剂作业场所的化学性职业危害因素的接触水平;提高了接触有机溶剂的作业人员的职业健康水平。[ Objective ] To carry out the targeted health promotion intervention in organic solvents workplace of jewelry processing enterprises in Luohu District of Shenzhen City,evaluate the effectiveness.[Methods] 15 jewelry processing enterprises that used the organic solvents were randomly selected in Luohu District of Shenzhen City, and the two-year health promotion activities were performed in these enterprises from 2014-2015. The changes in occupational health knowledge,attitudes and behavior among workers exposed to organic solvents,changes in concentration of chemical occupational hazards in workplaces, and changes in biochemical indicators of occupational health examination for workers exposed to organic solvents before and after the intervention were statistically analyzed. [Results] The knowledge, attitudes and behavior related to organic solvents among workers exposed to organic solvents improved significantly after health promotion intervention, and the differences were statistically significant exceptsmoking and drinking habits （P〈0.05）. The field test results showed that the maximum concentrations of ethyl acetate, dichloromethane,benzene,toluene,xylene,hexane,acetone,butanone, methanol and isopropyl alcohol decreased after health promotion intervention （〈0.27,11.2-〈 11, 〈0.6,1.4-〈1.2, 〈3.3,34.33-〈1.3, 〈6.7, 〈g.0,5.8-〈1.3 and 20.0-〈0.3 mg/m3）. There were not statistically significant differences in examination results of blood routine, serum ALT,ECG and nervous system before and after health promotion intervention （x2=0.476,0.206,2.534,5.028,P〉0.05）, while the differences in examination results of urine routine,liver and spleen B ultrasound and blood pressure were statistically significant （x2 =19.351,16.720,7.600,P〈0.05）. [Conclusion] The health promotion activities in organic solvents workplace of jewelry processing enterprises effectively increase the awareness rate of occupational health knowledge among workers exposed to organic solvents, improve their attitude

关 键 词：有机溶剂 健康促进 珠宝首饰加工企业 

分 类 号：R193[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]