骨科移植物的分类及其研究进展  

Classification and progress of bone substitutes

作　　者：黄洪超[1] 马信龙[1] 陈晓鹏[2] 胡永成[1] 苗军[1] 杨强[1] 徐宝山[1] 

机构地区：[1]天津市天津医院脊柱外科,天津300211 [2]北京市顺义区医院

出　　处：《中国城乡企业卫生》2017年第8期27-33,共7页Chinese Journal of Urban and Rural Enterprise Hygiene

摘　　要：每年全世界都有超过200万的骨移植手术,骨移植材料的需求越来越大。自体骨是骨移植的黄金标准,但来源有限。同种异体骨和异种骨,具有骨传导,但是骨诱导弱,且仍存在对感染风险、成本和供者有效性问题的担忧。陶瓷类和骨水泥类骨移植材料在临床实践中得到广泛应用,但其骨诱导性和机械性能存在不足,无法承受负载部位的应用,为了增强这些材料的成骨性能,纳米材料和仿生复合材料在骨移植材料中得到发展。此外,骨组织工程是一个具有前景的研究领域,有望克服各种骨移植材料的不足,为增强临床骨修复效果提供新的方向。本文针对有关目前骨移植材料的文献作一综述,总结不同材料的特点,旨在提高骨科医生以及相关研究人员对目前骨移植材料的认识。Bone substitutes are being increasingly used in surgery as over two millions bone grafting proce- dures around the world per year. Autografts still represents the gold standard for bone substitution, but the source is limited. A11ografts and xenograft substitutes, with osteoconductive and weakly osteoinductive, exists the infective risks, costs and donor availability issues. Ceramic-based synthetic bone substitutes and injectable bone cements are widely used in the clinical practice. However, the disadvantages of these mate- rials are osteoinductive and mechanic property, which is proved to be ineffective in load-bearing site. In or- der to enhance the activity of osteogenesis, bio-mimic combined with biomaterials and nanocomposites are introduced to the bone substitutes. Moreover, bone tissue engineering is a promising area, which expected to overcome the shortcomings of substitutes mentioned above. It provides a new direction for enhancing the clinical effect of bone repair. This review deals with the characters of current bone substitutes, aiming at in- creasing the awareness of bone substitutes among clinical surgeons and researchers.

关 键 词：可注射性骨水泥 骨组织工程 骨科移植物 纳米材料 骨缺损 

分 类 号：R684[医药卫生—骨科学]