河套灌区不同育苗期和大棚温度对水稻生长的影响模拟  

Simulation on Effects of Rice Growth under Different Nursery Period and Shed Temperature in Hetao Irrigation Region

作　　者：刘静[1] 刘玉汐 王连喜[3] 李琪[3] 马国飞[1] 马力文[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国气象局旱区特色农业气象灾害监测预警与风险管理重点实验室/宁夏气象防灾减灾重点实验室,银川750002 [2]吉林省气象台,长春130062 [3]南京信息工程大学/江苏省大气环境监测与污染控制高技术研究重点实验室,南京210044

出　　处：《中国农业气象》2017年第8期496-506,共11页Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology

基　　金：科技部气象行业专项“河套灌区主要农作物农业气象预评估技术研究”(GYHY201206021);全球变化环境下作物产量的影响与适应监测评估技术(2012BAH29B03);中国气象局省所科技创新发展专项“河套地区特色农业气象科技支撑能力建设”(2015-2017)

摘　　要：为确定宁夏河套灌区水稻适宜育秧和移栽期的综合气象指标,利用中卫市1996-2003年对宁粳16号水稻品种观测的资料,采用CERES-Rice模型对遗传参数进行本地化调试。模拟水稻产量、结实粒数、播种-开花和全生育期日数,并利用宁夏灌区10个市(县)资料验证模型的区域模拟能力。设置不同育秧日数和棚内气温,模拟二者对水稻产量、单位面积结实粒数和生育进程的单独和综合影响,以确定适宜移栽期的综合气象指标。结果表明:模型对水稻产量、结实粒数、播种-开花和全生育期日数模拟能力较好,产量和结实粒数的模拟最大误差分别为2.93%和3.47%,一致性指数分别达0.98和0.92;播种-开花日数模拟误差大多在3d以内,一致性指数为0.77。假定本田期的气象条件、施肥、灌溉等措施均不变,设置不同育秧温度和育秧日数,模拟发现育秧日数26~30d比18~24d时水稻产量高,结实粒数多。32℃下育秧的水稻产量和结实粒数最高,播种-开花和全生育期日数相对较短。同时改变育秧日数和育秧棚内气温,在育秧期较短时育秧温度升高将提高产量,增加结实粒数。而在育秧期较长时,育秧温度升高造成产量下降,结实粒数减少。32℃下育秧20d时水稻产量最高,结实最多,播种-开花和全生育期日数相对较短。育秧日数相同时,播种-开花和全生育期日数随育秧温度的升高而缩短;育秧温度相同时,播种-开花和全生育期日数随育秧期的延长而缩短。不同育秧温度下的最适育秧日数可作为预测河套灌区各地水稻适宜移栽期的综合农业气象指标,为细化水稻适宜移栽期的农业气象指标提供了新途径。In order to obtain the composite meteorological index of rice suitable nursery and transplanting date in Hetao irrigation area, the genetic parameters of Ningjing 16 were debugged by CERES-Rice model using the agrometeorological data observed from 1996 to 2003 in Zhongwei. The rice yield, the number of grains per m-2, the period from sowing to flowering, and the whole growth period were simulated, and the model regional simulation ability was verified by the data of 10 counties and cities in irrigation areas of Ningxia. Setting different nursery days and shed temperature, the separate and comprehensive effects of the two factors on the yield, grain number per square meter and the growth process were simulated to determine the comprehensive meteorological indexes suitable for transplanting date. The results showed that the model had a good simulation ability for rice yield, grain number, sowing to flowering days and whole growth period. The maximum errors of yield and grain number were 2.93% and 3.47%, and the consistency index was up to 0.98 and 0.92, respectively. The simulation error of sowing to flowering period was mostly within 3 days, and the consistency D index was 0.77. Assume that the meteorological conditions, fertilization, irrigation and other measures were unchanged after transplanting, set different nursery period and shed temperature, simulation results showed that the yield and grain number in 26-30 d nursery was higher than that in 18-24 d. Under the condition of 32℃, the yield and the number of grains were the highest, and the number of days from sowing to flowering and the whole growth period was relative short. At the same time to change the nursery period and the shed temperature, under the short seedling period condition, raising the shed temperature increased the yield and the grain population. While the long seedling period condition, raising the shed temperature caused the decline in production and grain number. Under the condition of 32 and 20 d, the yield wa℃ s the highest, the grai

关 键 词：CERES-Rice模型 育秧期 育秧温度 发育期 产量 

分 类 号：S511.22[农业科学—作物学]