筒仓式堆肥反应器不同通风量对堆肥效果的影响  

Composting effects of using pilot silo reactor by different ventilation rate

作　　者：侯超[1] 李永彬[1] 徐鹏翔[1] 李季[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100194

出　　处：《环境工程学报》2017年第8期4737-4744,共8页Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering

基　　金：科技部支撑计划项目"农业废弃物高效循环利用关键技术研究"(2012BAD14B01);生物多样性与有机农业北京市重点实验室项目

摘　　要：使用筒仓式堆肥反应器,利用含水率为70%的鸡粪作为堆肥原料,分别向堆料中通入12、6和2.4 m^3·min^(-1)3种不同的通风量,研究不同的通风量对堆肥效果的影响。研究表明,合理的通风量对于堆肥的快速发酵非常重要,通风量为12 m^3·min^(-1)时堆肥效果最佳。当通风量为6 m^3·min^(-1)和2.4 m^3·min^(-1)时,堆体的全氮含量最终都有所下降,说明其通风量不能满足堆体快速发酵对氧气的需求,所以堆体内发生了部分厌氧反应。而6 m^3·min^(-1)的通风处理全磷的增加量最大,说明此处理减少了物料中磷的损失,增加了有效磷的含量。当通风量为12 m^3·min^(-1)时,与其他2个处理相比,高温期持续时间更长,有机质降解量更大,氮磷等养分的增加量更大,种子发芽率也更高,这些都说明了通风量为12 m^3·min^(-1)时堆肥效果最佳。In this research,a pilot silo composting reactor and chicken manure with 70% moisture content were used as raw materials for a composting trial. The focus of the study was on the effect of different ventilation rates on composting. Three different ventilation rates（ 12,6,and 2. 4） m^3·min^-1were used to pass air into the compost. The results of the research are as follows. A reasonable ventilation rate could effect a rapid composting fermentation process and the ventilation rate of 12 m^3·min^-1had the best composting effect. The TN content of the compost pile was decreased at treatment ventilation rates of（ 6 and 2. 4） m^3·min^-1. The results proved that both the latter ventilation rates could not meet the oxygen demand for fast composting fermentation,which led to anaerobic fermentation during the composting process. The ventilation rate of 6 m^3·min^-1achieved the largest increase of TP content,which shows that this experimental treatment reduced the loss of phosphorus and increased the amounts of effective phosphorus in the material. Compared with the other two experimental treatments,the ventilation rate of 12 m^3·min^-1produced a longer high temperature period（ ≥50 ℃）,a greater amount of organic matter degradation,a higher increase of TP and TN content,and a higher rate of seed germination. All these results prove that the ventilation rate of 12 m^3·min^-1 has the best composting effect.

关 键 词：筒仓式反应器 鸡粪 通风量 堆肥化 无害化 

分 类 号：X713[环境科学与工程—环境工程]