2014-2016年天津市农村环境卫生健康危害因素调查  

Environmental health hazards in rural areas of Tianjin from 2014 to 2016

作　　者：王睿[1] 赵亮[1] 张磊[1] 冯宝佳[1] 符刚[1] 侯常春[1] 

机构地区：[1]天津市疾病预防控制中心环境与健康室,天津300011

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2017年第16期2916-2918,2923,共4页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：天津市卫生计生委面上项目(2014KY22)基于疾病负担的农村改水措施效果评价研究

摘　　要：目的了解天津市农村环境卫生健康危害因素及动态变化,评价天津市农村环境卫生状况,为政府制定农村环境卫生的改善措施提供理论依据。方法 2014-2016年每年按照分层随机方法抽取2个区县的10个乡镇、40个行政村、200户农村家庭进行调查,采用统一的调查表,通过访谈、现场调查等方法收集相关资料和数据。结果天津农村家庭饮用的集中式供水水源以深井水为主,占96.3%,供水方式多为未处理,占76.5%;家庭厕所类型以卫生厕所为主,占63.3%,粪便处理方式以排入排水系统、沟塘河道(34.5%)和专人清运(32.4%)为主;82.3%的家庭垃圾丢弃至公共垃圾箱;污水排放方式以管道为主,占49.3%;70.0%的村开展灭鼠工作,村环境卫生经费投入较平稳。结论天津农村地区在供水处理、粪便处理等方面存在多种可能影响人群健康的环境危害因素,需进一步增加经费投入采取有效措施改善农村环境卫生现状。Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the current status and trend of environment hygiene in rural areas of Tianjin. Methods During the period from 2014 to 2016, 200 rural households were selected from 40 administrative villages in 2 counties throughout Tianjin each year using stratified random sampling method. With the uniform questionnaires, interviews and field observation were conducted to collect the related data. Results The main type of centralized water in rural households of Tianjin was deep well water （96.3%）, which was 76.5% untreated. The coverage rate of sanitary latrine was 63.3%, and the main treatment of sanitary latrine was discharged into the drainage system or river and then removed, accounting for 34.5% and 32.4%, respectively. The main method of rubbish collection in the rural areas was piling up in the dustbin, accounting for 82.3%. The main output of sewage was tap, accounting for 49.3%. The coverage rate of the controlling work of deratization was 70%. Environmental health spending in the rural areas was relatively stable. Conclusion There still were various health related risk factors, such as water supplying and latrine treatment. Effective counter-measures and more health funds are needed urgently to improve the rural environmental sanitation.

关 键 词：农村 环境卫生 垃圾 饮用水 

分 类 号：R127[医药卫生—环境卫生学]