土地细碎化、耕地地力对粮食生产效率的影响--基于江汉平原354个水稻种植户的研究  

The effects of land fragmentation and land quality on the technical efficiency of grain production based on 354 rice planters on the Jianghan Plain

作　　者：王嫚嫚 刘颖[1,3] 蒯昊 周晓时[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学经济管理学院,武汉430070 [2]三峡大学经济与管理学院,宜昌443002 [3]主要粮食作物产业化湖北省协同创新中心(长江大学),荆州434025

出　　处：《资源科学》2017年第8期1488-1496,共9页Resources Science

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项基金资助(2662017PY062)

摘　　要：土地细碎化和耕地地力是影响农业生产及其效率的两个重要因素。本文以江汉平原354个水稻种植户为研究对象,利用效率损失随机前沿生产函数构造了4个不同的模型,探讨了土地细碎化、耕地地力不同组合对粮食生产及其效率的影响。研究发现:土地细碎化对粮食生产存在负面影响,对技术非效率存在正向影响,土地细碎化程度高和农业劳动力投入降低,使资产配置不合理,粮食生产受到严重影响。耕地地力对粮食生产效率具有显著的正向影响,有助于提高粮食生产效率,过剩的农资投入,未对粮食生产产生正向影响且不利于耕地可持续发展。因此政府应鼓励小规模农户释放土地,提高大规模农户经营管理能力,确保生产条件;鼓励和推广新型栽培技术,引导农户合理投入农资,提高生产效率;增强高质量农田和农业基础设施建设,保障生产环境。Land fragmentation and land quality are important factors that influence the efficiency of agricultural production. Based on a survey of 354 rice farmers from the Jianghan Plain we used the stochastic frontier production function with efficiency loss to explore the effects of different combinations of land fragmentation and land quality on grain production technical efficiency in different models. We found that land fragmentation has a negative impact on grain production but positive impact on technical efficiency. Land fragmentation intensifies agriculture production labor, which also holds back the development of capital intensive agriculture. In other words, a high degree of land fragmentation and reducing agricultural labor input makes asset allocation unreasonable, and affects production efficiency severely. Land quality has a significant positive influence on food production and efficiency, the higher the level of land quality the better grain production and production efficiency. Excessive chemical substance input of farmers may harm land quality in the future, but makes no difference to production. Few farmers have this kind of cognitive or even regulate planting behavior. We conclude that to ensure grain security and improve farmer income the government should guide land circulation as the base of modern capital intensive agriculture; improve mechanical and technical service levels to create production conditions; encourage and promote new and sustainable planting pattem to reduce agricultural material waste; and strengthen agricultural infrastructure construction to improve the planting environment.

关 键 词：土地细碎化 耕地地力 粮食产出 生产效率 江汉平原 

分 类 号：F323.211[经济管理—产业经济] F326.11