劳动密集型企业工人职业应激状况及其影响因素分析  

Analyzing the occupational stress status and its influencing factors in workers in labor intensive enterprises

作　　者：陈惠清[1] 李小亮[1] 黄晋 李荣宗[1] 刘文慧[3] 杨敏[1] 

机构地区：[1]广东省职业病防治院广东省职业病防治重点实验室,广东广州510300 [2]东莞市塘厦镇社区卫生服务中心,东莞523710 [3]广东药科大学公共卫生学院,510300

出　　处：《中国职业医学》2017年第4期445-449,共5页China Occupational Medicine

基　　金：广东省科技计划项目(2013B021800177);广东省职业病防治重点实验室(2012A061400007);广东省医学科学技术研究基金(A2017520)

摘　　要：目的了解劳动密集型企业工人的职业应激状况,并分析其影响因素。方法采用整群抽样方法,以《职业紧张量表》(OSI-R)对6家劳动密集型企业共2 894名工人的职业应激现状进行调查与评估,分析其职业应激反应的影响因素。结果 2 894名工人中,职业应激、应激反应、应对资源缺乏处于适度水平的工人分别占76.1%、72.6%和57.8%,处于中、高度水平的工人分别占17.0%、22.4%和20.8%。多元线性回归分析结果显示,职业应激反应的主要影响因素为任务过重、任务模糊、任务冲突、责任感、工作环境、休闲娱乐、理性处事、日工作时间、周工作时间和职业病危害因素接触(P<0.05)。结论劳动密集型企业工人多处于适度的职业应激水平,但仍有部分工人处于较高的职业应激水平;职业应激水平、应对资源、工作时间和接触职业病危害因素均可影响该人群的职业应激反应。Objective To analyze the occupational stress status and its influencing factors in workers in labor intensive enterprises. Methods Two thousand eight hundred and ninety-four workers from 6 labor intensive enterprises were selected by cluster sampling method. The Occupational Stress Inventory-revised Questionnaire was used to evaluate their occupational stress. The influencing factors of occupational stress reaction were analyzed. Results Among the 2 894 workers, there were 76. 1%, 72. 6% and 57. 8% of workers at moderate levels on occupational stress, stress reaction and lack of coping resources, respectively. There were 17. 0% , 22.4% and 20. 8% of workers at medium or above levels on occupational stress, stress reaction and lack of coping resources, respectively. The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that the primary influencing factors of occupational stress reaction were role overload, role ambiguity, task conflict, sense of responsibility, working environment, recreation, rational handling, daily working hours, weekly working days and occupational hazards exposure （P 〈 0. 05 ）. Conclusion Most of the workers in labor intensive enterprises are at a moderate level of occupational stress. Some workers are at high occupational stress level. The occupational stress level, coping resources, working time and occupational hazards exposure can affect of the occupation stress response in these workers.

关 键 词：劳动密集 职业应激 应激反应 应对资源 影响因素 问卷调查 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]