不同微灌形式对土壤水肥分布和枸杞产量的影响  

Effect of Different Micro-irrigation Methods on Soil Moisture,Nutrients Distribution and the Yield of Lycium barbarbum L.

作　　者：董世德[1,2] 秦垦[3] 万书勤[1] 康跃虎[1,2] 邹文勇 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所陆地水循环及地表过程重点实验室,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]宁夏农林科学院枸杞工程技术研究所,银川750002 [4]宁夏大地生态有限公司,银川750002

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2017年第8期38-43,共6页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：国家林业公益性行业科研专项(201504402);宁夏农业综合开发科技推广项目(NTKJ-2016-10-01;NTKJ-2016-13-01);国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(51409126)

摘　　要：通过研究地表滴灌、地下滴灌、架上滴灌和涌泉灌等4种微灌形式对枸杞园土壤水分、养分以及枸杞产量等的影响,以期为中宁地区枸杞现代节水微灌形式的选择提供建议和支持。结果表明,相同灌水量条件下,涌泉灌方式下土壤水分横向运移更明显,土壤质量含水率比灌水前增加8.82%,并且整个土体土壤质量含水率最高,达14.49%,且水分分布均匀;而其他三种微灌方式下,灌溉后土壤水分增加幅度、土壤剖面水分分布及平均含水率量均没有显著差异;涌泉灌和架上滴灌养分在根区的淋洗强度大于地表滴灌和地下滴灌,而地下滴灌与架上滴灌有造成养分在非根区积累的风险;地表滴灌和涌泉灌方式下,枸杞生长状况和产量均好于地下滴灌和架上滴灌。总体来看,地表滴灌方式下水肥耦合最好,枸杞生长状况和产量最佳。因此,地表滴灌可以作为宁夏中宁地区枸杞灌溉的首选灌溉方式。Aiming to give suggestions and supports for choosing appropriate micro-irrigation methods for Lycium barbarbum L. cultivation in Zhongning area of Ningxia from modem water-saving micro-irrigation methods, a field experiment including 4 micro-irrigation methods, namely surface drip irrigation, surge irrigation, subsurface irrigation and cantilever drip irrigation, was carried out to evaluate the effects of different micro-irrigation methods on the distribution of water and nutrient in the trial soil and the yield of Lycium barbarbum L.. The results showed that ： under the same water amount, soil water under surge irrigation had much more potential on lateral movement with an increase of soil water content of 8.82% compared with initial value, which significantly contributed for the highest average soil water content（SWC） of 14.49% in the whole soil profile, compared with the other 3 micro-irrigation methods. However, there was no significant difference of the average SWC, the soil water distribution and the SWC increment between surface drip irrigation, subsurface drip irrigation and cantilever drip irrigation. Furthermore, surge irrigation and cantilever drip irrigation methods had much more effect on nutrients transportation and leaching intensity in root zone than surface drip irrigation and subsurface irrigation methods. Nevertheless, subsurface irrigation and cantilever drip irrigation methods could likely cause nutrients accumulation in no-root zone to some extent. What＇ s more, Lycium barbarbum L. under surface drip irrigation and surge irrigation methods got better growth index and more yield than the other two methods. As a result, the best growth index and the highest yield of Lycium barbarbum L. were obtained under surface drip irrigation, which attributed to better water-fertilizer coupling. So, surface drip irrigation can be preferred irrigation methods for Lycium barbarbum L. in Zhongning area of NingXia.

关 键 词：地表滴灌 地下滴灌 架上滴灌 涌泉灌 水分 养分 枸杞 

分 类 号：S275.9[农业科学—农业水土工程]